Natural Apex

Summary ‘Natural Apex- Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade’ is a book authored by Bruce E. Fleming; this book is Fleming’s effort to explain and make clear the imminent shortage of energy options in the future, and as the title suggests, goes further to propose the future energy options (Fleming).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Apex- Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In recent years, in the face of global warming and its effects, there have been more debates on the adoption of ‘green’ energy alternatives. In this book Fleming joins this debate. He attempts to offer solution on the global need for alternative energy sources. First, he acknowledges the possibility that in a few years there’s likely to be a â€Å"disruptive shortage of natural resources† (Fleming), which are dwindling at a s peed that the current efforts to secure them may not be possible. He explains the irony that the slow dwindling of natural resources is partly due to the effort by the world to adopt ‘green’ energy alternatives. For instance, with the decline of crude oil the world is considering biofuel as a replacement. But, the world may be reckless in its effort to make that transition as reflected in the call to clear the Amazon forest for the sake of growing crops that could be used as biofuel, when the air pollution resulting from clearing and burning would be worse than if the forest were not touched and people continued to use fossil fuels. It is Fleming’s wish in this book that people would understand and accept that natural resources and energy crisis is a possibility. Second, he explores the energy options with which to effectively respond to such a time when it comes. Finally, he hopes that his arguments in this book will be a good platform on which to â€Å"develop and coordinate a long-term national strategy for energy that bears a global perspective that is inclusive of viable and affordable alternatives† (Fleming). In this effort, Fleming makes a number of arguments. Fleming opens his argument by claiming that, unlike the gone quarter of a century when a country’s economic strength was judged relative to the amount of finished goods that it produced or the services it offered, a time is approaching when a country’s wealth will be judged based on how much access to and control of natural resources it has. Already, Fleming cites, China and India, two of the fastest growing economies which are facing the problem of limited natural resources. But in time, due to an increasingly â€Å"highly interrelated global economy† (Fleming), the problem will eventually come to affect all nations. What Fleming finds challenging in the effort to solve a global energy crisis, as predicted in this book is the present globalization a nd where it is likely to be headed, and the consequent closeness of nations, especially in relation to the magnitude of the crisis. Also, because of it, all nations may need to commit themselves and cooperate among themselves. Unfortunately this global solution is quite complex and might not be a smooth ride. This is especially since, while â€Å"meaningful cooperation† (Fleming) is the only way to fill in the social and economic gap between the rich and not-so-rich nations, such a cooperation is likely to be threatened when self-interest race for the dwindling natural resources starts.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More But Fleming also clarifies that the ‘crisis’ is not likely to be as a result of shortages of natural resources per se, but as a result of an interrupted flow of these resources to the vital developed and developing countries: â€Å"shortage s would cause short-term economic effects on specific nations†¦ (but) serious interruptions in the vital natural resources flow to key emerging and developed nations will in the end start a protracted world-wide economic meltdown† (Fleming). All this is likely to be helped by unsolved complex social, economic and political issues in the world today: political unrest in Africa and the Middle East, recent Central America food riots and, among others, rising hostility on basic commodities in emerging and industrialized nations. As already stated, one of the resources likely to head for the worst low is crude oil. This will be due to rise in cost and low supply. This, Fleming clarifies, will not be as a result of disappearing crude oil, on the contrary, he admits that it is unlikely oil will disappear from the face of the earth. Instead, this will be due to a world-wide decline in production and exploration. He notes that while petroleum can still be found under the oceans an d earth’s crust, those that can easily be extracted, easily reachable, are drying up. Already, Fleming cites production of oil in Russia and Saudi Arabia, the two nations with the world’s biggest fields of oil where production has started to decline. Many other fields are producing less and less. It is possible that in fifty years crude oil will not be the main source of energy for the world’s economy. Having a number of energy alternatives is an assurance for the continued growth and prosperity of the world economy. For these reasons, there is dire need to review the world’s energy options. Fleming laments the fact that even as the world acknowledges the need to seek alternative sources of energy, both as insurance against the imminent reduction of crude oil and as a step towards a more green world economy, the nations are not giving the issue the seriousness that it deserves. A comprehensive energy policy, Fleming proposes, can only be achieved through cooperation between both the government and the private sector. In the second chapter, appropriately titled ‘Powered by Diversity’, Fleming proposes the need to increase energy options as a way to ensure continued power supply. Many industry analysts, based on projected consumption rates in the next 30 years agree that global petroleum reserves will be depleted between the years 2030 and 2040. As such, there’s need for alternative sources of energy, especially renewable energy as long-term steps towards reducing extreme dependence on fast-dying fossil fuel.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Apex- Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fleming proposes that the US should adopt an integrative energy policy that involves both non-renewable energy sources, such as nuclear (uranium) energy and fossil fuel (natural gas, coal, oil), and renewable energy sources, such as Hydropower, Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass, Tidal, Wave, Hydrogen and Pumped Storage (Fleming). Further, he checks their advantages and disadvantages based on their effect on the environment. Fleming also explores the ups and downs of biofuel, while he recognizes that biofuel is a crucial source of energy for the US and other industrialized countries, he warns against an â€Å"unchecked biofuel industry growth† (Fleming 3) as this would be a disaster for the global environment. Rise in biofuel production coincides with low food production since biofuel is made from food; Fleming refers to this as ‘Food as Fuel’. The US, for instance, has been producing less wheat since 2005, this is because most farmers have dumped wheat production and moved to corn farming needed for ethanol production. And so while â€Å"demand for food has risen worldwide, except for Argentina, surplus production from the world’s major food producers, alongsi de the US have actually decreased† (Fleming). As a result there’s been a rise in the cost of food and other food products. As it were, there is a rise in the demand for biofuel in the US, as such there’s been an increased diversion of food (edible crops) for use as and in the production of biofuels. Production of ethanol also reduces the amount exportable consumables. As already mentioned, the need for biofuel has reduced the production of wheat. Because producing corn is more profitable to farmers, they are increasingly dumping production of exportable crops. For instance, cotton producers in the US are also moving to corn production. The implication of this is that in the near future, the US is likely to be a cotton importer. According to Fleming, this trend is more disadvantageous that it has its benefits, for instance, more energy is used in producing ethanol from corn than it gives. This ethanol is referred to as ‘energy sink’ (Fleming). In the end, unchecked biofuel production is not only likely to lead to further environmental degradation, but also to extremely increased food shortages. It is in the third Chapter that Fleming gets down to the main focus of his book as implied in the title; here he provides the framework, what he calls the ‘Blueprint’, for ‘his’ proposed energy strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He discusses the objectives of this strategy under seven major initiatives; these initiatives as he discusses them would involve, (1) reducing the US’s consumption of crude oil; (2) increasing the daily amount of light crude oil and other oil from domestic sources into the SPR reserves; (3) the G8 group of industrialized nations setting Food and Biofuel Protocol to ensure a balanced outcome of the need for both; (4) preservation of the world’s major rain forests through direct monetary and food aids to the people in areas prone to indiscriminate deforestations; (5) putting in place an aggressive strategy for diverse energy use in the US; (6) development and implementation of a storage strategy for natural gas to ensure continued power supply in the coming generations; and (7) finally, sufficient fuel reserves in the country to facilitate easy transition to other no-oil based economy (Fleming). Fleming does not fool himself on the ease of achieving these goals, he is pr agmatic enough to admit for instance that the last initiative, although relatively straightforward, will be challenging as it does not only require financial resources alone, or just the political will, but also a healthy cooperation with other nations. These efforts do not overlook the present role of petroleum, which is why Fleming proposes an integrative energy strategy, involving the use of both crude oil and other available non-crude oil power sources. This strategy involves conserving petroleum at these times when the supply of crude oil is dwindling, and also expanding reserves for crude oil to cater for sudden interruptions of supply in the future. As part of a step to invite the private sector and utility companies into the bandwagon in this effort, Fleming encourages the use of renewable energy incentives and tax credits for energy efficiency. This would â€Å"encourage the use of alternative energy† (Fleming). Failing to do this, as well as providing long-term supp ort for state and federal regulations only increases the dependency of the state on non-renewable alternatives, as well as undermining the role of the renewable energy alternatives, and ultimately undermining the national policy on energy. Critical Analysis The issue of dwindling natural resources that Fleming emphasizes on can already be seen in the new scramble for Africa; China, especially, has increased its operations in Africa. This is not just a race for investment opportunities in Africa but also a fight for the share of natural resources in Africa. Besides China, India has also increased its role in Africa; both nations are obviously â€Å"jostling for access to the continent’s oil† (Cheru Obi, 174). But this fact also creates a new situation. Fleming acknowledges the fact that, with the imminent times of need that he prophesies, there will be increased need for a more unified world with â€Å"meaningful cooperation† (Fleming) among the nations of the w orld. But he also acknowledges the limitations of such cooperation. First, that finding a global solution, one which requires a certain level of commitment by all nations of the world, is not going to be easy. Not only does it have to cater for the interests of the nations involved, and therein lies the complexity of finding such an all-round solution, but especially in relation to the interplay of other factors such as foreign and diplomatic policies by all these world nations and the threats to the prevailing balance of power. This latter case is what will determine the economic and diplomatic loyalties and alliances between nations during such times. China today reflects both cases quite well since Africa is increasingly looking to the East. China is largely seen by most African leaders as a better business ‘partner’, unlike the hitherto perceived big-brother handling of African nations by the west, led by the US. Of course, it is not exactly true that the relationsh ip of Africa and China is a partnership between ‘equals’, it may just be nothing more than a linguistic play. But still Africa finds the approach by the East more appealing. Already, China as a fast growing economy is assuring itself a piece of African resources should the rough times come. China has already made it obvious that it is not willing to favor a world solution that threatens its economic dreams. This has already been reflected in its stand in the debate on environment and its response to global warming policies, especially on cutting Carbon emissions, for instance the stalling behavior of its officials during the recent Copenhagen Summit in 2008. But the US is also guilty of putting its energy needs first. Fleming himself has mentioned the negative impact that US’s (alongside other food producing nations) search for biofuel has had on the supply and rise in the costs of foods. And it has turned a blind eye on the criticism directed to it for such a mo ve. Also, Fleming points out the possibility that nations are likely to seek new alliances in the face of such deficiencies as another threat of comprehensive global talks and solution-finding. For instance, Russia is also out to create alliances as a way of â€Å"exerting its economic and political power† (Fleming), the first step towards which it made when it seized Georgia’s vital pipelines for natural gas and oil resources during their small 2008 war. All these arguments are relatively valid. Unfortunately, while Fleming seems to wish for a ‘global’ solution, that the US is meant to â€Å"guide and lead in providing solutions to big problems outside its borders† (Fleming) he seems to give up with his claim that such a move is complex (which is true considering, for instance, the behavior of China today), so that afterwards he only argues in favor of what the US can do to protect itself when such a time comes. It is as if he recognizes the likeli ness of China being the most appealing to Africa, so that he proposes to protect US against competition from, say, China and its allies. When he mentions the rest of the world as part of this solution and as beneficiaries of such precautions, one gets the feeling that he is only doing this out of, say, sympathy or as remorse for not including them. The best reflection of this is the fact in all his arguments, there’s no role for the rest of the world to play. It is all to be carried out by the US. Perhaps this is understandable, as his work is on ‘National’ energy policy, however it does not seem realistic that the US will do all this independent of the rest of the world. While he recognizes the might of globalization in the world today, his plan seems to act independent of it. The question that remains for Fleming to answer is; where does the rest of the world fall in this strategy, and what is in it for them? Also, having looked at Fleming’s proposals, i t is time that we assess and evaluate the feasibility of his proposals. The first question that can be asked in this effort is; is it possible for the US to take up other sources of energy besides oil, especially by 2040, the year by which oil is expected to be very low? This question needs to be looked at not based on not just the disadvantages of the energy alternatives that Fleming proposes but also on the present US energy policies. Fleming extends the use of renewable energy incentives to encourage the adoption of this policy by the private sector by â€Å"influencing both their investment in/supply of and consumption/demand of renewable energy alternatives† (Clement), as well as encourage the transition to the new policy that calls for dependence on renewable energy sources. Tax incentives have, in most parts of the world, been successful at â€Å"boosting public policies meant to stimulate the development of markets and industries for renewable energy† (Clement) . Some of these tax incentives includes: investment tax incentives which are tax deductions/credits for a fraction of capital investment or cost of equipment meant for renewable energy systems and projects; production tax incentives meant to extend credits or tax deductions on energy produced by renewable energy systems; tax holidays; value-added tax incentives; property tax reductions and many more (Clement). However, while these incentives have been proven to encourage investments and consumption of renewable energy by the private sector for instance, it is important to find a guideline for ensuring that such efforts are honest and real. For instance, project costs may be inflated for allocation of large amounts of investment incentives (Madlener Wohlgemuth). Equally, investment tax credits can be beneficial at enticing profitable projects/enterprises or wealthy individuals to enter the market for renewable energy in order to cut their taxes. However, the danger lies in the likel iness that the investors may be out to benefit from the tax shelter rather than making any real electricity production. In addition to this, investment credits are less clear as compared to investment incentives and this may reduce the degree of effectiveness (Madlener Wohlgemuth). Such were the abuses that accompanied the 1980s California wind energy development (Righter, 1996; Wiser et al., 1998). Also, the fact that some small-project investors and developers may lack enough pre-tax income for the full absorption of the tax limits the number of benefits and range of businesses which can access such benefits (Madlener Wohlgemuth). The other forms of incentives also have their own limitations but Fleming has not addressed these likely outcomes. By acknowledging these possibilities is an admission that incentives do not necessarily encourage use of renewable energy. Most importantly, Fleming seems to be of the idea that, unless the US finds solutions now for the likely depletion o f natural resources in the future, it cannot avert conflicts with other competing nations such as Russia and China. But such conflicts are not new, in fact the US’s cold war with Russia, other cold war related conflicts being only an extension of this, is the most famous in world’s history, and is likely to remain so in generations to come. The US’s wrangling with China, fanned by a perceived competition for world domination and China’s perceived attempts to oust the US as the only global superpower, is only just beginning. The former happened at a time of abundance of natural resources. The latter is happening only at the threat of a natural resources crisis. In other words, whether there is a scarcity of resources or not, such conflicts will always be there. True, the scarcity of natural resources will provoke new alliances and conflicts. But that doesn’t mean that conflict is going to be the only way to solve the problem. Just as there have been healthy ways to handle international wrangles, so is there likely to be a solution here. Conclusion In his conclusion, Fleming adopts a rather socio-political stance- like he is being a mouthpiece for the US on its supremacy and the superiority of its culture (mainly capitalism and democracy) over the rest. By claiming that China has only succeeded after adopting capitalism, it feels like he is not just attempting to not just say that China’s post-capitalism economic strategies have failed, but that it is only the US that has the right solutions for the world problems. The one problem with this stand is that it overlooks the fact that other nations practicing capitalism, even much earlier than China, have not been able to achieve the economic capability that China has today. This claim overlooks China’s own unique, even non-capitalist, efforts for economic growth and their resultant successes. While the US still remains the only superpower, it is an on-going debate th at it is slowly losing its grip on the globe. As already discussed above, Africa, for instance, is increasingly looking East and whether these mean that the US is losing its powers is debatable. But still it is a reflection of the fact that nations outside the US are considering other option as alternative partners to their problems other than the US itself. And in talking about the US version of Democracy, Fleming has failed to acknowledge other forms of democracy that have emerged in other parts of the world, which are quite different from the one of the US. By becoming a kind-of political commentary, a deviation from his intended economic focus, Fleming loses readers. He emphasizes the importance of the US government rather than using the conclusion to make a final stressed call for the US to make the energy strategy proposals that he presents. But ultimately, in the rest of the work’s body, Fleming has tackled the issue of dwindling natural resources with great effort and insight. This work is a wakeup call to not just the US, but also for the rest of world to start looking for solutions for any shortages of resources in the future. Because, as Fleming puts it, when the time finally comes, it will be a burden for the whole globalised world. More importantly the need to attain reliable energy options will secure energy need of a world that is rapidly becoming industrialized and which requires more oil to use as energy like never before. This strategy will solve global oil crisis that have been a source of major conflict historically such as the 1970s oil embargo that paralyzed the whole world; more recently we have seen even more wars being waged purely because of scramble for oil as has been the case in Iraq. So exploring alternative energy needs will have wide ramifications for global peace. Works Cited Clement, David. International Tax Incentives for Renewable Energy: Lesson  for Public Policy. 2005. Web. Cheru, Fantu, and Obi, Cyril. The Rise o f China and India in Africa. London: Zed Books. 2010. Print. Fleming, Bruce. Natural Apex- Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next  Decade. 2009. Web. Madlener, Reinhard, and Wohlgemuth, Norbert. Financial Support of Renewable  Energy Systems: Investment Vs operating Cost Subsidies (Proceedings of the Norwegian Association for Energy Economics (NAEE) Conference towards an Integrated European Energy Market). 2000. Web. This essay on Natural Apex- Defining a National Energy Policy for the Next Decade was written and submitted by user Bria Odonnell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Research done by Browne and Angela (1987) shows that a third of all children who see their mothers being physically abused develop emotional problems, and that boys who see their fathers physically abuse their mothers are ten times more likely to be abusive in their future marriages. Boys who witness family violence are more likely to batter their female partners as adults, and girls who witness their mothers abuse have a higher rate of being battered as adults. These common sense observations are facts, not myths. (Ewing Charles Patrick, 1987) It is undeniable that domestic violence is the major factor which has caused the youths to develop violent behavior. Another one of the major factors that lead to teenage violence behavior will be peer pressure. Peer pressure may be especially strong during adolescence. (Kate Havelin, 2000) Teenagers at this stage are easily influenced by their peers. For example, you may decide to buy a same brand of bag that your friends have. Such behavior does not seem to exude anything, but it is a sign of getting on the bandwagon. For example, one of your friends might persuade you to join his gang after you have been bullied by someone else and that, only by being in a gang, can you take revenge. Matt Monteverde (2008) stated that youths cannot resist the temptation of peer pressure. Many youths who experienced physical abuse from their peers often worry that they may get into hot soup if they inform the teacher or parents about the abuse. We should deal with violence among youths thoroughly, or else a wrong message will be spread across to youths that Violence can be accepted. Peer pressure can cause the vi ctim to gradually believe that I should be the victim of violence and submit to humiliation. Eventually, peer pressure would worsen the situation of violence among the youths and severity of upgrades. The Internet, domestic violence and peer pressure have indeed formed a vicious circle that reinforces itself through a feedback loop. Firstly, the Internet has gradually becoming a huge platform for the young victims of domestic violence to spread and share their resentment with others. As mentioned before, that youths can easily upload, share, and view videos involving violence on website such as YouTube or Facebook. Children who view media violence are said to be more likely to have increased feelings of hostility, decreased emotional response to the portrayal of violence and injury that lead to violent behavior. The Academy of Pediatrics says More than one thousand scientific studies and reviews conclude that significant exposure to media violence increases the risk of aggressive behavior in certain children, desensitizes them to violence and makes them believe that the world is a meaner and scarier place than it is. (Aimee.T, 2003) If youths start to think that this kind of viole nce is acceptable, then these thoughts are often difficult to change in rest of their life. Then eventually can lead to domestic violence in the future. In turn, youths who experience domestic violence will use violence on their peers through imitation. Many victims were been forced to remain silent for the pain that they endured. Therefore the only simple way for them to voice out their anguish is again, through social net working sites such as Facebook, Tumblr and Twitter. Lastly, the three factors will form a vicious circle and resulting in more youths been influenced to develop violent behaviour. Eventually, why domestic violence and peer pressure are the major cause of developing violence among youths is because what they bring to the youths is only the negative impacts. The effect of domestic violence is absolutely negative towards youths. For peer pressure, although it affects youths to develop negative behaviors, the competition among the peers can be a kind of motivation power sometimes. Finally, what the Internet can benefits us are more than enough to cover the blemish it has left on developing violence among youths. For example, Dawn Smith stated (2010) Internet games can help children focus. Youths who have Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADD, can actually sit for longer periods of time to play some of their favorite games. Not only does this help them keep focus, it also teaches them patience. In fact, the Internet has plays an important role in preventing and educating people about domestic violence. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence of USA has held a n conference in last year regarding the issue about: using online technology to advance the movement to end domestic violence. Their main goal was to let the public get to know more about domestic violence around them and learn how to stop the extension of such cases through social net working sites. By using the power of social net working sites, it became extremely easy to share and spread information to help the victims worldwide. In conclusion, the Internet plays an important role in shaping youth culture but it is not the main cause of violence among youths. This is because domestic violence and peer pressure contribute much more negative impacts that influencing the youths to develop violent behavior compare to the Internet. Therefore, I conclude that the Internet is not the main cause of developing violence among youths.

To Resurrect a Ghost Essay -- Philosophy Dualism Papers

To Resurrect a Ghost Cartesian dualism has largely been replaced by empirical theories of the mind. Central to this development is Gilbert Ryle’s criticism of an immaterial ‘ghost’ inhabiting the material ‘machine’ of the body. A metaphysical self is incredible, and even if it is credible, both it and its manifestation in phenomenal experience are unknowable by others. Failure of this approach occurs when it is realized that existence of the physical is just as incredible as existence of the metaphysical. Free will is also inconceivable without the assumption of a metaphysical self, it being the ‘ghost in the machine’ after all. As for consciousness, it is presupposed by the empirical. What counts as physical manifestations of mind are the effects or causes of phenomenal experience. Without this criterion the individual is a unity, it being impossible to separate the psychological since effectively it encompasses every aspect of the individual. Additionally, it is in phenomenal experience that the empirical is observed, and observation is the basis of empirical verification. To advocate the scientific method of intersubjective verification while denying the existence or significance of the phenomenal is inconsistent. At root, the mental attributes are ontologically distinct. Limited to only one ontological substance, empiricists either redefine or exclude troublesome attributes, commiting the error of confusing distinct kinds of substances. Dualism can accommodate all of the properties of mind in a single coherent theory by acknowledging these kinds of substances. I Perhaps the most influential recent philosopher of mind is Gilbert Ryle. Beginning with his criticism of Cartesian dualism, empiricism has come to dominate cu... ...f causal sequences. There is no precise point in a chain of events beyond which is to go too far. All things in experience being contingent, a condition for their existence is presupposed. This condition in turn can always be understood as the "real" thing since it is more basic. Acceptance of this is mistaken because the condition for it can now be understood as the "real" thing and so on. With no way of avoiding this process, resolution is possible only by simply understanding mind as some one alternative. All concepts being potentially infinite, their extent is circumscribed by denomination in order to avoid indeterminacy. Each constituent conceptualization composes an autonomous representation of mind in this way, a different way of considering it. As such every one individually is a sufficient condition for the whole, mind being conceivable in terms of any one.

Format for a Business Report Essay

There are few standard rules for writing business reports that dictate what information should come in which section of the report. This format is followed in most of the business report examples, that one may refer to. The most widely used format consists of the following standard sections: Title Section: In a short report, this could be the first page bearing the title of the report, author name and date. The reason of making such a report could also be included in this section, so that the reader can establish an instant connection with the information in subsequent sections. In case of long reports, include the Table of Contents, Terms of References and so on. Summary: As the name suggests, this is the summary of the whole report. Then why include it in the beginning of the report itself? It is because this is the section that most of the senior personnel, who do not have enough time to go through the whole report, will read through. Hence, give a very clear and precise information about the problem/aspect of business that the report is analyzing. Also, include the main points, conclusions, recommendations and important results. Although, this section contains a lot of information, ensure that it is a small one. Treat the summary as a separate report and use bullets and numbered lists to highlight important points. Methodology: List the methodologies used in your research, like if you interviewed focus groups or consulted research firms. Also, give the reason why you resorted to using a particular methodology. Introduction: This is the first part of a proper report. Use this section to provide the background of the report. Highlight the reasons why the report is important for the readers. Include information about what is covered in the main body and the order in which the details are covered in the report. In case, the Terms of Reference has not been mentioned in the Title Section, Introduction is the section to include it. Main Body: This is the heart of the report. Arrange all the information in order of priority, so that this section follows a logical sequence. Divide this section further into subsections. Lend greater order to the Main Body using sub-titles within each subsection. A paragraph about the relevance of the findings of the report can also be included in this section. Data Tabulation: Another important factor when writing format of business report is data tabulation. Presenting your data in lists or tables can help in readily understanding the report. Also, data tabulation or listing, makes the report look professional and neat. So, accompany necessary lists or tables in your report whenever required. Make sure you use neutral colors to make tables and keep the list and tables looking neat and crisp. Conclusion: Present logical conclusions for the topic investigated in the report. One can also suggest an option for the way forward. In case, discussion has not been included in the Main Body, include it in the conclusion. Otherwise keep this section small. Recommendations: Since you have worked on the report, no one would have a better understanding of the topic than you. There may be a few solutions or actions that you think would be effective in dealing with the problem, investigated in the report. Include those solutions in this section. List them in bullets and numbered lists for easier comprehension. Appendix: Although very few people read the Appendix, the information in this section gives support to the arguments used in the report. It is the Appendix where the author includes all the sources and research information, in detail. Although it is not about creative writing, good writing skills are important in business information reports, as one needs to give comprehensive information using precise words. It is advisable to keep the language simple and lucid in a business report, specially in the Summary and the Recommendations, as these are the sections most commonly read by senior level managers. However, some technical jargon can be used in the Main Body, as this is the section that is mostly read by experts. In the world of business, time is money. Following a standard business report format is what senior level managers and busy businessmen look for, as it reflects what they value the most, that is effective utilization of time. You can find many such examples online and use them as a reference for designing a suitable report format.

The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act

The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act Abstract This report highlights three different business statutes that currently function in the business communications environment of the United States: the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), and the Freedom of Information Act. This report analyzes the impact of a recent interpretation of a provision of the Freedom of Information Act by the Securities and Exchange Commission that governs public disclosure.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act This report highlights three different business statutes that currently function in the business communications environment of the United States: the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), and the Freedom of Information Act. A recent case concerning the application of the Freedom of Information Act and public disclosure in the activities of the Securities and Exchange Commission warrants closer analysis. This report will analyze the impact that the Freedom of Information Act has upon the financial regulator and what impact recently passed financial reform legislation will have on the public. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) protects electronic communications in the business environment such as emails, text messages and wireless device transmissions, and ensures that these messages cannot be captured or screened without the express consent of the parties in question (Hunsinger 2010). However, some caveats apply in the business context. If there exists a need to protect business property, or a â€Å"valid business purpose† necessitating the acquisition of employee emails, an employer may do so under this act with the permission of the employee in question (Hunsinger 2010). Most compa nies achieve this end through via a blanket company policy which all employees sign (Hunsinger 2010). As a general rule, employees cannot expect the same â€Å"reasonable expectation of privacy† on a server owned by their employee as they can on the server that operates their personal email (Hunsinger 2010). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) covers employee privacy in the realm of health information (Sullivan 2004). This act regulates, oversees and protects the security of electronic health data such as medical records and establishes national standards which employers abide by for employee health insurance plans (Sullivan 2004).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The act’s main purpose and challenge remains to balance the needs of employers to provide economically viable health insurance coverage for their employees agains t the needs of employees, namely, so that employee health information remains secure and cannot be used against them in a discriminatory manner (Sullivan 2004). The Freedom of Information Act became law in 1966 and protects the right of the citizens of the United States to â€Å"request access to federal agency records or information† (Henry 2003). The act was meant to balance the needs of the government to maintain some level of secrecy and privacy in its information gathering and storage against the rights of the American public to request and receive accountability from its leaders. Each agency of the United States government must comply with written disclosure requests except in cases where the information requested is protected by exemption or exclusion (Henry 2003). The Freedom of Information Act applies only to federal bodies; each state retains its own statute that manages public requests for state and local government information (Henry 2003). The remainder of this r eport studies two newspaper articles that reported a new financial regulation provision that came into law in 2010. Under this law, according to Sorkin (2010), the federal financial regulatory body the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) gained an exemption from public disclosure of requests for information filed under the Freedom of Information Act (Sorkin 2010). The details of the exemptions include â€Å"surveillance, risk assessments, or other regulatory and oversight activities† (Sorkin 2010). John Nester, a spokesperson for the SEC, explained that â€Å"the new provision applies to information obtained through examinations or derived from that information (Prial 2010). Nester intimated that the SEC’s expansion of its existing modes of surveillance and risk assessment efforts† have been undertaken to affect â€Å"more sophisticated and effective Wall Street oversight† (Prial 2010). In order to achieve this, the SEC argues, it requires the  "ability to obtain documents and other information from brokers, investment advisers and other registrants,† therefore this new provision gives the SEC more access during their examinations and ensures that brokers and financial investment advisers and other registrants can no longer refuse to comply with any SEC requests for documents under previous confidentiality expectations (Prial 2010). The impact of this new provision, critics argue, will essentially result in a complete block to all transparency efforts on behalf of the American public in the already shadowy world of high finance (Prial 2010). Since the SEC is a regulatory body, the so-called â€Å"surveillance, risk assessments, or other regulatory and oversight activities† will render nearly every document by the SEC unobtainable (Sorkin 2010). Federal agencies and members of Congress may continue to request information from the SEC however the public has been officially shut out (Prial 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the business context, this new provision has significant ramifications for transparency goals in the wake of the recession, not to mention the continued efforts of the media to maintain public accountability in the financial world. The recent Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme provides the most salient example of how this provision may provide an obstacle for corporate governance and communication transparency objectives on behalf of both business and the public (Prial 2010). News media outlets such as FOX Business Network regularly employ the Freedom of Information Act to affect oversight of the SEC itself on behalf of the American public and investors (Prial 2010). FOX Business Network took legal action against the SEC in the spring of 2009 on account of the federal body’s refusal to hand over documents pertaining to the failed SEC investigations into â€Å"alleged investment frauds being perpetrated by Madoff and R. Allen Stanford† (Prial 2010). Upon the arrest of Madoff and Stanford, it came to light through documents acquired under the Freedom of Information Act, that the SEC had carried out â€Å"investigations into both men prior to their arrests but failed to uncover their alleged frauds† (Prial 2010). Similarly, the Freedom of Information Act was employed on behalf of the public following the AIG bailout in 2009 (Prial 2010). With this new provision, critics argue that the SEC will not only wield carte blanche but their mistakes will escape notice, which may lead to more catastrophic frauds such as the Madoff scandal (Prial 2010). According to Prial (2010) should the interpretation of this new provision stand up in court, critics predict that â€Å"the next time there is a Bernie Madoff failure the American public will not be able to obtain the SEC documents that describe t he failure† (Prial 2010). Observers anticipate that members of the media and media networks will likely launch a legal challenge countering the SEC’s interpretation and demanding that the provision be rescinded in light of possible abuse by the SEC (Prial 2010). According to Prial (2010) â€Å"the backroom deal†¦was cut between Congress and the SEC to keep the SEC’s failures secret. The only losers here are the American public† (Prial 2010). Reference List Henry, C.L. (2003). Freedom of information act. New York: Nova Publishers. Hunsinger, J. et al. (2010) International handbook of internet research. New York: Springer Publishing.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prial, D. (2010, July 28). SEC says new financial regulation law exempts it from public disclosure. FOX Business News. Retrieved from https://www.foxbusiness.com/ Sorkin, A.R. (2010, July 28). S.E.C. said to see new limits on its disclosures. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/section/business/dealbook Sullivan, J.M. (2004). HIPAA: a practical guide to the privacy and security of health data. Chicago: American Bar Association.

Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment Essays

Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment Essays Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment Paper Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment Paper Essay Topic: Renewable energy The project concerns the investigation of the current renewable energy market entry and opportunities for Finnish mall and medium-sized enterprises (Seems) in the Nigerian economy. The goals is to support growth and accelerate the internationalization of small and medium-sized Finnish renewable energy companies within developing countries and to determine how they can achieve market entry in the renewable energy resource business in Nigeria. There is great demand for electricity in the country due to its high consumption, and this thesis will study the demand for renewable energy resources in Nigeria, identify the main competitors and discover the best periods for market entry in Nigeria. A qualitative method of analysis was used in this thesis project, and a questionnaire survey was sent to three energy organizations in Nigeria. These included the International Centre for Energy, Environment Development; the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ACNE); and the Council for Renewable Energy in Nigeria. The investigation of this thesis project provides information needed to establish renewable energy in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The Nigerian government is encouraging energy companies to invest in the country and special energy policies for foreign investors have been organized, such as a ax reduction plan for energy investors, and the relaxing of energy policy. Nigeria is a nation with great potential for renewable energy solutions, such as sunlight which might be productive for solar power solution, and plentiful bio-waste for biomass energy production. The key research questions are as follows: Is it advisable for the Finnish renewable energy companies invest in Nigeria? What renewable energy sources have a better potential to be a growing and developing investment in Nigeria? 8 1. 2 Methodology The method used in thesis projects is qualitative research method, which can be refers as scientific researches that consist of investigation that collect evidence, produce findings that are undetermined in advance, need answers to a question, producing informations that are application beyond the immediate areas of study and use a predefined set of procedures to answer the question. It is also important for information collections to maintain clear boundaries between information they received by the participant and what they ask the participant. Furthermore, questionnaire was carefully prepared and directed to renewable energy Nos (International Centre for Energy, Environment Development and Council for Renewable Energy in Nigeria) and the Nigerian government organization called the Ministry of Energy. The questionnaire was vital for the aims and objectives of the thesis as part of the CONNECT project requirement. Majority of the questions asked were related to the PESTLES actors. The questionnaire format is related to questions based on suggestions, energy situation and government incentives and support in establishing a company in the Nigerian market. The questionnaires are based on their understanding of the energy situation, the availability of renewable energy resources, the level of energy competition companies in the country, the economic and environmental competitive, which were sent to them, via their email address and there was also a follow up by telephone in other to hastening them for responses. The investigation of this thesis project revives information needed to establish renewable energy in the rural and urban areas that are in need of energy in the country. Literature reviews is still part of the methodology used in the PESTLE analysis of the project where information are being gathered from different sources, documented, evaluated and presented. 1. 3 Key definition Renewable energy can be refers to as a natural energy at which its energy supply is limited. Renewable energy can never run and can be used again and again. Renewable energy has been in use for so many years in different ways. An example is how the primordial human used the application of wind for sailing; rather the same wind is now used for electricity generation in the modern era. 9 Some of the renewable energy resources are as follows. Wood, Biomass, Wind, Hydro, Wave, geothermal, tidal and solar. (Clean Energy Ideas, 201 2) 1. 4 Structure of the thesis Figure 1 Thesis structure The Introduction and Objectives of the thesis was described in chapter one. In chapter TV, PESTLE analysis of Nigeria has been examined. In chapter three, the energy market situation in general and rates Of demand and supply was analyzed. In chapter four, the renewable energy market demand, its vital resources have been concluded. In the chapter five, research method analysis was conducted via interview questions to different organizations related to renewable energy business. 2 The Business Operating environment in Nigeria (PESTLE Analysis) The PESTLE factors consist of the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. It is a strategic technique that gives useful information for analyzing the environmental tension in a particular environment. For example, in this project, it means to analyze the Nigerian equines operating macro environment for renewable energy opportunities. 10 Figure 2: PESTLE analysis political Factors refers to changes in government impact, its priorities for the Nigerian relationships with other countries which closes or open the market bond between them which includes the forms of government, bureaucracy, international relationship, corruption, public ownership right and many more. Economy factors refers on how the economics of a particular place can affect business such as changes in wage rate, inflation, Economic stability, employment rate, labor force, division of income. Social Factors refers to changes in trends which include lifestyles, behavior, attitude, business culture, cultural changes, family change, demographics and expectations. Technological factors refers to as the level of technology in Nigeria which will helps with the introduction of renewable energy solution in the country which Includes, electricity, infrastructures and modern communications. Environmental factors includes geographical sites and locations, climatic changes, natural resources related to renewable energy solutions, level of infrastructures, Public opinion, cost implications and frequency of environmental catastrophe. 11 Legal factors includes the Nigerian rules and regulations related to energy, Cocoas and African union legislations and Nigeria directives 2. 1 Political factors 2. 1. Politics and Administration Nigeria is a republic nation which operates a Federal system of government, with three different authorities- The Federal, State and the Local government. The division of power is among the three arms of government. The Federal Government consist of the Judiciary which interprets the laws, for examples supreme court, court of appeal and the district court; the executive enforces ND carry out the laws, for example federal and the legislature makes the laws for example senate and house of representative. The state government consist of (36 States including the Federal Capital Territory Baja) some of the states in the northern Region consist of Kane, Sudan, Sotto, Born, Dammar, Catkins, Gumbo, Samara and others can be shown on the map. The western region consists of Lagos, Gun, Indo, Sun, Kite, Oho, Awkward etc. The states in the South and East consist of ABA, Belays, Delta, Umbra, Rivers Imo; Ensue (Teach anywhere 2009). Figure 3: Map of Nigeria 12 The Nigeria government consists of 774 local government areas (CIA 2012). The political terrain is becoming attractive to business in Nigeria since the country became a democratic system in the year 1999. For the past 13 years, Nigeria has been experiencing an uninterrupted democracy and the latest election was held from the month of April to June 2011 which was a democratic form of choosing a representative to the Nigerian government and its various States. Those elected on the federal level are the head of states (The President and Vice President) and legislature system which is (National Assembly). The Nigerian President is elected by the People via election voting system. The national assembly is a form of two chambers, House of Representatives with 360 seats and the Senate which has 109 seats and all are elected for a four years term each. The political terrain is becoming positive except for the northern region of Nigeria that is experiencing instability due to religions unrest, security operatives are deployed to the region in other to neutralized the situation and the government have begun in negotiating with the religious crisis cabals (BOOK HARM) in the northern region in other to address the annoyance of he group which will improve the business day to day in the region. The southern region of Nigeria is very suitable for businesses day to day which control the economy power of the country. 2. 1. 2 Government Policy The government policy in Nigeria varies in different situations, for example changes in government regime every four years. According to the Industry analysis in Nigeria, government policies usually have a great impact.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 80

Discussion - Essay Example From a personal standpoint, I understand that emotional intelligence allows people to rationalize their actions, reactions, and responses to different life experiences from time to time. For example, anger, stress, and frustration are triggered by the reaction of an individual to certain circumstances in life. Through these valuable EI elements, any person can rationalize their approach to life experiences and subsequently avert the underlying negative implications. The insights shed in the book are relevant to both home and work environments. Effective and efficient management of personal behavior results in enhanced relationships and interactions both at home and in the workplace. The essence of EI is to understand what makes a person tickle. In light of these insights, I understand that I have to approach people differently because each person exhibits diversity in regards to emotional behavior. Through EI, therefore, I am in a better position to foster functional, positive, and productive relationships in both home and work

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Immigration - Essay Example Barring some religious differences between catholic and protestants, they were accepted more readily within the American society as against Chinese immigrants. The Irish and German immigrants in America were conspicuous in their attitude towards work. The German immigrants were endowed with more money and therefore sought land and work in farmland. There were also politically active and endorsed the ideology of democrats who believed in equality and in the welfare of the commoners. The Irish immigrants, on the other hand, were driven to America due to poverty and scarcity of opportunities in their motherland. Most of the were employed in labor intensive work like construction of road, canals, bridges etc. But both, German and Irish immigrants faced huge opposition because they threatened the livelihood of Americans in low paying jobs. Most importantly, German and Irish immigrants showed that America remained the most attractive place to realize one’s dream of prosperous and happy