Greek Tragedy Essay

Art and literature has existed throughout time to represent and express cultural values, ideals and perceptions. It often portrays the forces that push one’s particular culture onward, mentally stimulating and expanding individual mind and thought. In ancient Greek culture, Art and Literature is combined in a way that represented all of these things to its people. This combination is what we know as ancient Greek Theater, an art of drama and song, with the structure of â€Å"spoken portions interlaced with choral lyrics, all concerned with man’s fate. â€Å"1 Greek tragedy is credited to have developed around 534 B. C when the Greek Thespis created drama in which a main actor conversed with the leader of the chorus (this is where the term â€Å"thespian† originated, it has been used to describe an actor since the early 19th century). 2 Aeschylus, the first of the great 3 tragic poets, added a second actor to his plays and had a chorus of around 12. Sophocles, the second of the great poets, added the third actor and increased the chorus to 15 members. Sophocles is considered to model Greek tragedy, with Aeschylus marking the preparation and Eudripidies the decline. 3 These plays where preformed at Festivals in open-air theaters in which poets competed for prizes. It is widely accepted that these festivals where religious, and honored the Greek god Dionysius (God of Wine). All plays where developed around well-known ancient Greek myth, it was the Poets job to develop character and deepen plot. Each festival included 3 tragic poets to present a â€Å"tetrology. â€Å"(A group of 4 plays) which consisted of 3 tragedies and one satyr. 4 Each play would include anywhere from two to four actors, and an assembly of 12-15 choral members. It was each actor’s responsibility to display the plot through speech, however they where also responsible for singing solos. The chorus was an important tool in Greek tragedy as they commented on each scene and proposed subtleties to the audience, their song also heightened the emotion and atmosphere of the play. 5 Aristotle’s â€Å"Poetics† is considered the most valuable source of guidance for Greek tragedy. Aristotle defines tragedy as † a drama which concerned better than average people (hero’s, kings, gods) who suffer a transition from good fortune to bad fortune and who speak in an elevated language. † 6 It is also defined as † a literary composition written to be preformed by actors in which a central character, called the tragic protagonist or hero, suffers some serious misfortune which is significant in that the misfortune is logically connected with the hero’s actions. â€Å"7 The hero is often host to some â€Å"tragic flaw† (hermatia) for which he himself is responsible, and which leads to his eventual downfall. However, Aristotle describes this tragic flaw to lead to a mistake in which the Protagonist is not aware. The hero’s destruction is often due to his self-ignorance. It is important to understand what Aristotle believes is the purpose for Greek tragedy in order to completely understand some of its main aspects. In Aristotle’s opinion, one of the marks of great tragedy is its ability to create a Cartharsis, the act of purging the soul of â€Å"fear and pity. â€Å"8 Through creating a complex protagonist, a character who is seen as a great man, or â€Å"hero†, the audience in turn creates respect. Through this character’s tragic flaw, and ignorance to his actions, the audience is drawn and starts to pitty the hero. The audience imagines themselves in the hero’s situation, and although they know the outcome of the story (as all Greek tragedy is bases on well-known Greek myth) they suspensefuly await the hero’s reaction to his fate. So this â€Å"purging† allows the audience to shed excess fear, refreshing their conscience so that it can exist in a healthy balance. Aristotle theorized that â€Å"tragedy is rooted in the fundamental order of the universe. â€Å"9 Tragedy is a worse case scenario, which describes the possible effects of simple probability. It creates a â€Å"cause-and-effect chain† in which any individual can envision themselves as part of. We can now understand the importance of certain aspects of the tragic hero’s character and his responsibility to uphold the plot. â€Å"A hero, in the Greek sense, is a man who by his extraordinary career has pushed back the horizons of what is possible for humanity and is then deemed worthy of commendation after his death. â€Å"10 As we know, this hero is not flawless. However, it is important to realise that in what Aristotle values as good tragedy, these flaws often contribute to the very virtues which allow our protagonist to become a hero in the first place. In other words, tragic irony is implicated, and it is the same incidents and qualities of a man which catapult him to hero stature as those which drag him down. Tragedy is concerned with the fate of â€Å"big men. â€Å"11 Aristotle believed that Sophocles’, â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was the perfect tragedy. Why was Oedipus Rex in effect the perfect tragic hero? Oedipus was a great man and King of Thebes. He was self righteous, hasty and suspicious of his friends, but we also see that if it where not for these qualities Oedipus would not have continued with his inquiries. His heroic nature is magnified in his persistence for the truth despite the fact that it became quite obvious that gaining further knowledge would end in disaster and self-destruction. 12 Peripeteia is when a character produces â€Å"an effect opposite to that which he intended to produce. † 13Aristotle firmly believed that all good tragedy proposed some peripeteia within its plot. This is perfectly represented within â€Å"Oedipus Rex. † Oedipus promises his people that he will find the root of the plague that gripped his kingdom. In ancient Greek times, it was believed that illness and plague where signs from the gods that they where upset or a crime against their godly standards had been committed. So as any noble hero would do, Oedipus sets out on a quest for this knowledge. He soon discovers that the murder of Thebe’s prior king, Laius, is the root off his city’s pollution. He vows to discover the murderer, and sets the punishment of death or banishment to whomever was found guilty. This was his intention. We can also see again that Oedipus is a noble hero, as he is a king and he is willing to go to any ends for his people. These traits would have invoked feelings of respect in the minds of the audience. As Oedipus discovers more information, he draws nearer to the conclusion that it is possible that through self-blindness and ignorance, Oedipus himself is the likely murderer of Laius. Through this step in the play we see that again Oedipus carries the qualities of a tragic hero; his murdering of Laius was due to his self-arrogance and lack of knowledge that the man who he was killing was of high status. This murder was indeed due to Oedipus’s tragic flaw of Hubris (‘arrogant disregard for the rights of others’, or â€Å"overbearing pride or presumption† 14) but he was unaware of the consequences and the murder was quite spontaneous. Oedipus continues to search for the truth despite his possible self-guilt, as he states that he must be sure that he is indeed Leuis’s murderer. This, according to human standards, Oedipus not only behaved well in this situation, but he is known to have â€Å"asserted the dignity of manhood. † Alas, more investigation does lead to his definite guilt, and also leads to what is known as an â€Å"Agagnorisis,† or a † change from ignorance to knowledge. â€Å"15 Oedipus had not been born heir to the throne of Thebes. After learning of a prophecy that he would one-day murder his father and marry his mother, he ran away from his ‘parents’ to escape this fate. He had arrived in Thebes just after the time of Laius’s death. A sphinx was afflicting the city at the time, and he defeated it, there-for winning the admiration of the Thebans and stealing the heart of newly widowed queen, Jocasta. Their marriage was nearly instant, and they lived in happiness for some years and produced a number of children. So it was at this â€Å"agagnorisis† when Oedipus learnt that he had been adopted, and that Laius had been his father, and Jocasta his mother. They had discarded him apon a hill after hearing the very same prophocy, hoping they too could escape their fate. This unraveling of the plot is called the â€Å"lusis. â€Å"16 This is where the Peripeteia is for filled. Although Oedipus had always intended to catch and punish the murderer of Leius, he in no way intended that it would be himself who was responsible. This is also ironic in the sense that twice he had unknowingly set the path for his own destruction. Another form of Greek tragedy is the decision that the tragic hero must face once he has reached his agagnorisis. 17 Oedipus had a choice, to continue to live in sin with his mother/wife and perpetuate the slow destruction of Thebes, or to uphold the little dignity he had left, finally accept his fate and finalize the promises he made to his people. Oedipus chooses to do what any hero would do, accept responsibility for his actions and punish himself as he promised to do in the beginning of the play. The knowledge of his sin against his father and mother causes him to blind himself, as he could not bear to look upon the world any longer. This fact again adds irony to the story, as when Oedipus was able to see physically, he was still blind to his past and the consequences of his actions. Through his blinding, he was self-knowing, and he had for the first time accepted his fate. He left Thebes as a blind beggar. Although in some respects Oedipus is now seen as no longer a hero, the audience would have respected his final decisions, and in some way he had corrected his moral flaw through his self-punishment. We can now question the belief of fate and pre-determination. Greek tragedy did indeed deal with the role of the gods in mortal life and to the extend that mortals controlled their actions. Oedipus was responsible for his deeds, as it was by no accident that Laius died, and Oedipus did have a tragic flaw, which led to this murder. But we can also examine the fact that a prophecy existed which laid out the steps that Oedipus would take through out his life. If it where not for Oedipus’s knowledge of this prophecy, would he have ever left his home in Corinth, would he have ever murdered Laius, and married his mother? Or we can look even further into Oedipus’s past; if Jocasta and Leius had not known of this prophecy, they would never had abandoned Oedipus, and perhaps he would never had committed the sins which it seems he was destined to commit. So again we see a cause and effect chain, knowledge leading to ignorance, ignorance in turn leading to knowledge, blindness to sight, sight to blindness. It is also argued that it was the individual’s attempt to escape their fate which was the true crime against the gods. It is at this point we can see how the Cultural Revolution, known as ‘The Greek Enlightenment’, effected these drama’s. It was from this new atmosphere of questioning and individualism in which man started to question the meaning of life beyond the restraints of ‘God rules man. ‘ And not only did Greek tragedy come to question the gods, it also questioned what it meant to be human. 18 1 The Complete Plays of Sophocles. 2 http://www. stemnet. nf. ca/~hblake/tragedy1. html 3 http://www. classics. cam. ac. uk/Faculty/tragedy. html 4 www.depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 5 15 Greek Plays 6 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 7 www. depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 8 9 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 10 The Complete Plays of Sophocles. 11 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 12 The Complete Plays of Sophocles 13 www. depthame. brooklyn. cuny. edu 12 American Heritage dictionary 15 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 16 www. cnr. edu/home/bmcmanus/poetics. html 17 http://www. stemnet. nf. ca/~hblake/tragedy1. html 18 http://www. stemnet. nf. ca/~hblake/tragedy1. html.

Contemporary Designers Essay

Contemporary designers are creators of objects, buildings or surroundings that rely on characteristics such as lines, smooth and sleek surfaces, very little intricate details. There designs are spacious and/or comfortable, with the asset of clutter. However they must study design history because to open their mind to the past they will learn new ideas and ideologies, â€Å"To know nothing of what happened before you were born is to remain forever a child,† Marcus Tullius Cicero, a famous philosopher (106-43 BC)1. The 3 main reasons why learning design history is useful are firstly because it will help advance and learn from success and failures. Secondly to maintain sustainability within our world for future generations and thirdly to learn more about other past cultures. Researching history is valuable in learning from successes and failures for contemporary designers. Confucius (551–479 BC) a famous Chinese teacher and philosopher supports this and explains how we sho uld â€Å"Study the past if you would define the future.†2 From ancient civilisations we have learnt to take these valuable skills and accomplishments to help build our outstanding society today. For example Roman buildings (27BC- 476 AD) has lasted for more than 2,000 years and they have given us 3 main successful architectural elements to learn and base new designs upon: the arch, the vault, and concrete. The main one of these for contemporary designers to look upon is the arch and concrete in which we can use their useful elements of strength to help buildings last longer. The Pont du Gard Aqueduct Bridge (seen in Appendix Picture 1) in France is a great element that was successfully created and, consists of three tiers of arches, with smaller arches on the top tier.4 The Roman Coliseum was made of concrete and consisted of arches structured within its design. It was built in 72-80 CE5 and still stands today and designers can learn from these past successes of strength within the design using these characteristics which are important for future projects in allowing them to be more long lasting to teach future generations also, â€Å"History is for human self-knowledge †¦ the only clue to what man can do is what man has done† – David Hume, philosopher.6 We can also learn from the mistakes of design, and try to avoid them next time. George Santayana a famous philosop her  scholar and novelists supports this by explaining that, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.†7 For example the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge shocked everyone in 1940 as it was the most modern suspension bridge for its time. The cause of its destruction was the random action of turbulent wind. From these failures however industrialists and architects learnt that the design failed due to excessive flexibility, drag and lift created by the solid plate girder and meniscal aerodynamic forces acknowledged.9 Attributes like this we can use to steer clear from and learn to think about what aspects will affect our design to base what designers may create on what was successful from the pass – â€Å"Instead we must be willing to face our past now, overcome it, and from this we will learn from it forever,† J. Johnson (Musician).10 The second reason why it is useful from learning from design history is for sustainability. This is an important factor for our future as a whole as the Future Annual Report Sates (2000), â€Å"Sustainable development is a dynamic process which enables all people to realise their potential, and to improve their quality of life, in ways which simultaneously protect and enha nce the Earth’s life support systems.†11 The sustainable materials and structures are simple ways of past civilisations portraying to contemporary designers simple and effective ways to be â€Å"green.† For example the ancient Persian Wind Towers (Seen in Appendix Picture 2) were elaborate ventilation and cooling systems and rivals the contemporary equivalents today. They use a mixture of structural positioning, pressure differences and running water. They are wind catcher structures and control temperatures even in the severest of desert environment with cool nights and scorching hot days.13 Another is the Passive solar Orientation for heating.14 This was introduced by the ancient Greeks. Much like our world today they ran into fuel shortages so they had to think about how to maximise heat gain and the retention during winter months. They did this by building cities/houses towards the southern exposure to capture the sun’s rays.15 Now a days designers just build things without purpose or sustainability wasting resources and harming the earth and they need to natural resources are allow and we need to sustain ourselves sometime in the future, supported by Victor Papanek a famous designer â€Å"†¦ by choosing materials and processes that pollute the air we breathe, designers have become a dangerous breed.†16 The third reason toà ‚  why contemporary designers should learn about design history is to preserve culture and sites and which will also create a sense of place, because the past is the root of our society values and it is what makes us today which is why we should acknowledge its importance – â€Å"A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots† Marcus Garvey (Jamaican political leader). Contemporary designers should design something whereby people can learn about contemporary cultures a lot more by visiting where they have thrived. For example when visiting the ancient Mayan temples in Mexico, citizens will have a greater understanding of the origins of Mexican values as well as their culture from the Pre-classic period to the Colonial period. In addition to learn about our culture and where we come from can help not just the general public but also researchers helping us to understand more about ourselves scientifically opening our mind to new discoveries and technologies – â€Å"Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit, † Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime minister of India.19 Heritage sites can tell us about pass species like the Galapagos Islands and tell us about evolution as well as the Valcamonica rock art in Italy (seen in picture 3 of appendix).20 It can explain how human societies developed, teaching us more about our past creatin g a sense of place and important knowledge of where we came from, which is what designers should do and create something that will help and form the future. -â€Å"Every piece of history is a piece of human nature,† Joss Whedon, an American writer. They should have the motivation to design a product or building that will be remembered that will push the boundaries of current technology for us to build upon in –â€Å"Without culture, and the relative freedom it implies, society, even when perfect, is but a jungle. This is why any authentic creation is a gift to the future,† supported by Albert Camus a French novelist and journalist. For example the ancient pyramids of Egypt (2630 BC–2611 BC) show great human accomplishment as today it still marvels researchers on how the Egyptians built these magnificent sites without the use of basic technology. Overall these three reasons portray why learning design history is so useful through learning from past mistakes and successes, learning how to become more sustainable without using harmful materials and learning from different cultures to view where our values came from incorporated with creating a sense of place for  future generations to learn from. It is impor tant to learn from the past otherwise we know very little of the present or future and become ignorant to everything around us that may help us strive in the future – â€Å"A generation which ignores history has no past: and no future,† supports and said by Robert Heinlein a famous writer. Referencing: 1 McDermott, Brian. 2001. â€Å"Quotes about History.† Accessed August 31st, 2014. http://homepage.eircom.net/~odyssey/Quotes/History/Historians.html 2 Moncur, Michael. 1994. â€Å"The Quotations page.† Accesssed August 31st , 2014. http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/29259.html 3Karen Carr. 2012. â€Å"Roman Architecture.† Accessed August 31st, 2014. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/architecture/romarch.htm 4Wikipeadia. 2014. â€Å"Pont du Gard.† Accessed September 1st, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_du_Gard 5 Wikipeadia. 2014. â€Å"Colosseum.† Accessed September 1st, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum 6 Russel Tarr. 1998. â€Å"Active History.† Accessed September 1st, 2014. http://www.activehistory.co.uk/historical_quotations.htm 7 Indiana University. 2011. â€Å"The Santayana Edition.† Accessed September 4th, 2014. http://iat.iupui.edu/santayana/content/santayana-quotations 8 Claudia Bingham Baker. 2005 . â€Å"Tacoma Narrows Bridge.† Accessed September 4th, 2014. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/tnbhistory/machine/machine3.htm 9 Claudia Bingham Baker. 2005. â€Å"Tacoma Narrows Bridge.† Accessed September 4th, 2014. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/tnbhistory/machine/machine3.htm 10 SearchQuotes. 2014. â€Å"Learning From The Past.† Accessed September 7th, 2014. http://www.searchquotes.com/viewimage/Learning_From_The_Past/355/ 11 Pavlova, Margarita. 2009. Technology and Vocational Education for Sustainable Development. Vol. 10. New York: Springer Publishing. 12 Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design & Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 13 Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design & Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 14Web Eco ist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design & Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 15Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design & Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 16 Victor J. Papanek. 1984. Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. 1st ed. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishing. 17 Brainy Quotes. 2001. â€Å"Marcus Garvey.† Accessed September 9th 2014. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/marcusgarv365148.html 18 By Melanie J. Martin. 2014. â€Å"Why Are World Heritage Sites Important?† Accessed September 9th 2014. http://www.ehow.com/facts_5513442_world-heritage-sites-important.html 19 Brainy Quotes. 2001. â€Å"Jawaharlal Nehru.† Accessed September 9th, 2014. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/j/jawaharlal141407.html 20 By Melanie J. Martin. 2014. â€Å"Why Are World Heritage Sites Important?† Accessed September 9th 2014. http://www.ehow.com/facts_5513442_world-heritage-sites-important.html 21 McDermott, Brian. 2001. â€Å"Quotes about History.† Accessed August 31st, 2014. http://homepage.eircom.net/~odyssey/Quotes/History/Historians.html 22 Good Reads. 2014. â€Å"Albert Camus.† Accessed September 12th, 2014. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/209885-without-culture-and-the-relative-freedom-it-implies-society-even 23 Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design & Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 24 Good Reads. 2014. â€Å"Robert A. Heinlein.† Accessed September 12th, 2014. http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/186632-a-generation-which-ignores-history-has-no-past-and

What effect did the first world war have on the health of the British Essay

What effect did the first world war have on the health of the British population - Essay Example For example, in examining the Great Depression of the 1930s, it is typically determined that government policies together with statistics published by health officials reveal a decline in health and an increase in hunger. Bryder argues that perhaps a more localized study would reveal a more realistic account of the health of a population at any given time.3 In this essay, we examine various studies and reports documenting the health of the British population on the health of the British population during the First World War. Bourke demonstrates that the First World War had a significantly detrimental effect on the bodies of surviving soldiers. This is turn had a detrimental impact on the quality of their lives in the post-war era. Many of these men joined the war as â€Å"middle-class volunteers† who were â€Å"eager to do their bit†.4 As Bourke points out: The decisive impact of the Great War on men’s bodies can be seen most clearly by looking at the war-maimed. Irrevocably re-moulded by their experiences, these men struggled to create new lives that challenged their status as physically disabled.5 The gravity of dismemberment is captured by statistics provided by Bourke. According to Bourke, the number of mutilated and maimed men during the First World War was at the time unprecedented and a shock to the British morale. More than 41,000 British soldiers experienced amputated limbs during the First World War. Among the amputees, 69% lost a leg, 28% lost an arm and 3% lost both an arm and a leg. In addition, 272,000 sustained damages to the limbs, although amputation was not required. Approximately 65,500, soldiers sustained head or eye injuries. Another 89,000 suffered grave bodily harm.6 The number of maimed and disabled soldiers returning to civilian life would obviously impact the health or at least the well-being of the general population. The economic conditions would have obviously declined as a result of the expense involved in figh ting the war. Yet, post-war expenses would have increased over expenses in the pre-war era. As Bourke points out, the number of disabled persons relying on public funds necessarily increased as a result of the war experience. For example, up to 1920, 31, 500 soldiers were still on disability for amputations.7 There was also a psychological impact of war in that the mental health of the soldiers during the First World War was arguably unavoidable and this would also add to the public’s financial burden. During the First World War, surviving soldiers witnessed the mass burial of their fallen and mangled colleagues. As Bourke reports, men were systematically buried wherever they happened to fall since there was no time or resources to retrieve the bodies and take them to a place of dignity for property burial.8 Harrison maintains that although the First World War itself contributed to the spread of disease and as such posed a threat to the health of both the civilian and soldier population, it had positive outcomes for the long-term health of the general population overall. As Harrison reports, historically, during war times, more soldiers died of disease than those who died from war-related injury. However, during the First World War, this trend changed in that more soldiers died of war-related injury than those who died of disease. While it is quite possible that this turn around in the ratio of disease-related

The Gold Rush Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Gold Rush - Essay Example Apparently, the search for gold in the silent narrative establishes the point where the conflict develops as the main characters find themselves seeking after desperate means to obtain food and shelter. Though â€Å"The Gold Rush† illustrates the serious theme with comic relief via Chaplin’s signature slapstick routine, the borrowed ‘Tramp’ character herein projects no element of formalism. The Lone Prospector remains a common-man figure yet, as may be observed frequently, it is his sense of humor and humble attitude toward life which lightens up the rather severe image of poor and rough living in an all-snow mountainous region. Details of realism are vivid in the creation of the plot as the actors portray natural roles of men in pursuit of treasure with an approach that engages them in the course of nature instead of heroic transformation or magical escape from reality. The realist perspective of the plot guides their actions to arrive at the turning point and settle for resolution through real unpredictable circumstances. One concrete evidence would be the instance when Big Jim McKay exclaims having found gold at the onset (00:04:53) but the story proceeds into the situation where the famished McKay craves food (00:20:49) and says to his fellow â€Å"I thought you was a chicken† out of an illusion. Life in Alaska in the first quarter of the 20th century entailed having to cope with significant crises in economy which affected even the moral and social relations among the state inhabitants, in general. This is quite conspicuous in the unfortunate affairs which the Lone Prospector, McKay, and Black Larsen are confronted with in that, while Larsen sets off to get even in fate despite the burning cold weather, the other two have gone to the extremes of having a cooked shoe served for a Thanksgiving dinner (00:18:50). Their representational acting, in this stage, altogether appears lacking in emotional consequence or one that exhi bits warm human sentiment as the film attempts to demonstrate the truth regarding pretense and suspicion which humans were disposed to behave with at such times. Nevertheless, the abrupt pace of the acts coinciding with the thematic rhythm enables the audience to perceive â€Å"The Gold Rush† under the influence of its comical effects notwithstanding a grasp of the film’s historical context by a viewer. With humor, being the principal component of the cinema piece, the economic issue loses its essence as the heavy subject as the audience becomes more drawn to recognize the filmmaker’s chief objective of structuring the story flow with comedic schemes. By the moment the Lone Prospector parts from his temporary comrade and ventures across the icy environment, his trip leads to the Monte Carlo Dance Hall in Yukon where he is bound to meet Georgia. In the midst of the rush for gold, the man encounters the love of his life at an instant (00:31:53). Since his silent c haracter onscreen is further silent in this portion of the film, Chaplin renders peculiar gestures in acting out the fascinated yet speechless man after the woman’s invitation to dance. He utilizes certain body language to speak of the hidden feelings as via

Entrepreneurship and Venture Creation Assessment Essay

Entrepreneurship and Venture Creation Assessment - Essay Example The business idea is to develop a business that connects buyers and sellers of any product, from clothing, kitchenware, electronic, cars, household items, and any other items that have market value. The idea aims to capitalise of individuals who have used items and hopes to make quick cash out of the sale. Unlike existing ideas that champions the capability of the seller has to meet the potential buyer, this idea will ensure both option of the two meeting or the seller decides to use the organisation’s sale representative to do the transaction on their behalf. The use of technology has made it possible to make online transactions. People can make secure purchase of items by just keying the details of their credit cards and select the mode of delivery and the destination to receive what they have purchased. The model will utilise these technological provisions to connect buyers and sellers of different items from different geographical locations. Other than making use of technology for efficient implementation of the model, the main source of this motivation is the strong marketing strategy, which will enable the idea get the wide coverage (Cromie, 2000). Besides, the realisation that most homes have used items that other people may find useful at a reduced pricing is the motivation guiding these ideas. In every household, there are items ranging from clothing to other assets that the owner can generate some quick cash by selling them using a platform that will not cost them lots of money. These ideas are realistic because the less fortunate community values second hand goods. For instance, charity organisations and other humanitarian organisations may wish to purchase less expensive goods but find it difficult to outsource for such items. The example given above is not the main source of the customers, but just a perspective to illustrate how realistic nature of the model. The main customer targeted by this

Megacities of Asia-Korea Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Megacities of Asia-Korea - Assignment Example clock to also eliminate competition because with the increasing growth of technology in the country, business is bound to get better and competition steeper. Profits will also increase as everyone will be scrambling to get the latest technology and devices. Yes it is. This is so because with the increase in technology development and technological devices in Korea, the market will need to expand internationally. This therefore means that people in other nations will get the latest in technology same as the Koreans and in large quantities as the production will be a lot in Korea (Dong-hyung, 2005). The prices of the other technology which had previously enjoyed having competitive advantage as well as some form of monopoly will have to reduce their prices meaning many people will be able to afford to stay connected at a cheaper cost and at a faster rate than before. Some like the marketers may not see this as an advantage but they are few and the consumers who are many have the last say and they are always right as the saying

New Turkish Cinema Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7750 words

New Turkish Cinema - Dissertation Example This dissertation discusses the New Turkish Cinema, that is much more than a resurrection of the Turkish film industry after a long dark period. The New Turkish Cinema is also an era of greater creative freedom as a result of the relaxation of Turkey’s censorship laws. The long dark period also provided the New Turkish Cinema filmmakers with a dearth of political and social material from which to work with once the film renaissance begun in the 1990s. As demonstrated throughout this dissertation, the New Turkish Cinema did not hesitate to exploit these experiences of the Turks once film production escalated again in the 1990s. The New Turkish Cinema offers a rare and instructive inspection of the experiences of Turkey’s ordinary and traditionally oppressed citizens in both contemporary Turkey and during the politically and socially turbulent times of the dark ages of Turkey’s film industry. Thus as Turkey itself breaks from tradition in terms of political and dis course, so does Turkey’s film industry. For the most part, the political explorations of the New Turkish Cinema are reproducing the experiences of the politically oppressed. As demonstrated in this dissertation, audiences have seen first-hand the realities of the objectification of women in a largely patriarchal society. Audiences have also seen first-hand the experiences of the official discriminatory policies against the Armenians, the Greeks and other non-Muslim identities. In the final analysis, the New Turkish Cinema can be described as a new Turkish reality.

Protection of human rights and armed conflict Essay

Protection of human rights and armed conflict - Essay Example Humanitarian intervention is primarily motivated by humanitarian objectives but in most of the cases there are strategic motives attached to the military action and the integrity and sovereignty of the state against which the action is taken is challenged which is totally against the UN charter and international law. There are no criteria established for humanitarian intervention to decide when, how and under what circumstances it becomes inevitable to intervene in the internal affairs of a sovereign state. The issue of humanitarian intervention has become the most debatable one ever since the end of the Cold War period because there are two schools of thoughts, one which considers it to be very legitimate, legal and essential for the establishment of UN human rights charter in each and every country of the world while others challenge its legality on the grounds of being against the sovereignty of a state (Murphy, 1996). The essay discusses the legality and effectiveness of the huma nitarian intervention with reference to various incidents of humanitarian intervention and peace operations in different regions of the world. Various different definitions have been presented by scholars from different schools of thoughts. ... The supporters of humanitarian intervention make the objective of provision of fundamental human rights to each and every individual in this world the basis of their support of external interference in the affairs of a state. The scholars and debaters who do not support the idea of humanitarian intervention argue on the basis of the Article 2(4) of the UN Charter which restricts the use of force against any sovereign state. They further argue that humanitarian intervention for the restoration of fundamental human rights can be used as a way of achieving the political and strategic goals by the countries that are imposing a military expedition on a country and this kind of abuse of humanitarian intervention is very easy to carry out. Under such circumstances the humanitarian intervention can never be effective enough to achieve the primary goals of the protection of human rights (Jokic, 2003). There are incidents in which humanitarian intervention has aggravated the violation of human rights in the affected areas. The military personnel of the peace keeping forces are sometimes involved in the violation of human rights. The deciding authority, the UN Security Council in most of the cases is a big question on the legitimacy and efficacy of the humanitarian intervention because certain states have political and strategic motives associated with the governments of certain states. For example recent scenario in Sudan where most of the states in the United Nations Security Council were in favor of a military intervention by UN forces, China had other plans because of its ties with the Sudanese government based on oil supply contracts between the two. In the following pages the effectiveness of humanitarian intervention

University of Chichester Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

University of Chichester - Coursework Example Britain had been traditionally proud of her universities with good reasons. For centuries now British higher educational institutions had been applauded from every quarter and now with the changed outlook after the globalisation, and the need for higher education in the best universities of the world, the same universities, which were exalted portals of a great educational system, have changed with the time and have become education providers and the institutions that train tomorrow's business leaders. A study of one of the thus altered universities of United Kingdom, Chichester, is the topic of this brief research. The current study will go through the reasons why international students prefer this university, and what are the marketing strategies that the university offers etc. The study will have a closer look at the preferential decision psychology of the international students and the reasons behind such compulsions. As the number of international students keeps growing every ye ar, it becomes imperative to know their reactions, preferences, choice compulsions, and their assimilation capabilities with another culture and the satisfaction level. With the government laying stress on using the educational institutions that are now being treated as already made national investments, it is important for the universities to offer sought after courses with adequate academic back-up and run like well-managed business organisations. Universities today are functioning like any other business houses with impressive competition by other universities who would like to make it to the forefront. Hence, this study attains importance in the light of the above, because it is necessary to know why the international students, who are today treated as customers of the service providing universities, are interested in coming to Chichester more than most of the universities. It is also significant to understand what service Chichester provides that might not be offered by other universities and thus, the study is pertinent and important. METHODOLOGY Methodology of this study depends on primary research in the form of semi-structured questionnaires with connected informal questions that could be asked along with primary questions. There exists a sensible questionnaire with pertinent set of questions and these questions were presented for the student reactions. A group of 200 students was picked up and it had 92 males and 108 female students belonging to cross sections of courses. Out of them, seven had disabilities and three learning disorders. They are effectively managed and helped by the disability provider section and have no complaints owing to their situation. They came from all parts of European Union, including even the newest members of EU. Twelve of them are here on exchange programmes and will return to their mother universities after one year and they are highly enthusiastic about their Chichester experience and showed an obvious reluctance to leave the university. It looked as though the exchange students had only po sitive points about the university and were pleased by everything they saw and experienced. Even though research had no connection with sexual orientation, four students mentioned that they belonged to the homosexual crowd and have not countered any bias or prejudice either from the university or from the fellow students. They have their own choices of entertaining places, clubs, eateries and they seem to be very comfortable in and out of

Logistics business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Logistics business - Essay Example In my business, I opted in the import of vehicles business. The business is planned according to the requirements of the federal government. The first step that I looked is the partnership between local traders who are essential to the business survival. They are the main consumer of the imported goods hence the important to partner with them. Import business is essential to any nation around the world since no country can survive on its own. In my business, we use clearance services and shipping services that make importing the vehicles easy and flawless. Complete customs clearance is offered to my client’s special requirements. On the on other hand, after buying the vehicle the entire process is handled by team of professionals within the company. The services have enables the company to beat other competitors in terms of market competence. In details concerning the services offered, it is a requirement that the vehicle must be admissible to the US and customers always check to comply. After that the notice is submitted to the customs department before the transaction is affected (http://worldtraderef.com) . There are also charges that are required from the customers, for example 5% GST among other charges. The business also require different documents from the clients such as bill of sale, certificate of title or producer’s certificate of source, and recall clearance letter. In any business, customer care service is a key factor to help the business in maintains good relationship with customers and other stakeholders. Handling the whole process of car import to the customer is an important strategy to help the business gain more clients hence more income profit for the business. It also encourages customer loyalty to the business. Staying in touch with the customer is an important strategy that helps the business understands the needs of the customer and where to improve for the benefit of

Cult and cult leader Essay Example for Free

Cult and cult leader Essay Cult† is a term used to describe certain religious groups outside of the mainstream of Western religion. A cut leader is non-Christian but has roots in Christianity while denying what he considered its essential teaching or can be one who follows an altogether different religious structure, one foreign and alien to the prevalent religious communities . in the in the case of the latter cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture. In most cases that innovation comes about by the transplantation of a religion from a different culture by the immigration of some of its members and leaders. Others described cults as groups which hypnotized or brainwashed recruits, destroyed their ability to make rational judgments and turned them into slaves of the groups leader, as by the above definition Healter was cult leader since he practiced and allowed some of these practices which are associated with cult leaders ; Members swear total allegiance to an all-powerful leader who they believe to be the Messiah, rational thought is discouraged or forbidden, the cults recruitment techniques are often deceptive, the cult weakens the follower psychologically by making him or her depend upon the group to solve his or her problems, the cults manipulate guilt to their advantage, the cult leader makes all the career and life decision of the members, cults exist only for their own material survival and make false promises to work to improve society, cult members often work fulltime for the group for little or no pay, cults are apocalyptic and believe themselves to be the remnant who will sur vive the soon-approaching end of the world. There are many things condick david crashed with the gorverment on appointment post also on issues facing religion. Reference: 1. Elmer Clarks pioneering survey of the Small Sects in America (1949) . .

Operation of the Aviation Industry

Operation of the Aviation Industry P7: Explain how general aviation organisations operate This report is for the transport trade journal investigating how the general aviation sector operates and diagram will be included highlighting the links between the different organization in the aviation industry. With the help of a diagram which outline the links and my internet research sources this report will outline how the general aviation organizations operated. It will state the different types of operator and list example of each. Research findings will outline all these pointers then it will be further explained for you to get a better understanding. Then a conclusion will be drawn on how the general aviation organization operates. General aviation is defined by en.wikipedia.org (2016) as all civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non-scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire. A discussion will be made on the operation of the general aviation then a conclusion will be drawn. Diagram that shows the link between the organizations in the aviation industry Research findings on how general aviation organization operates: Aircraft operator In order to be a valid aircraft operator an aircraft operator certificate (AOC) must be issued. (Caa.co.uk, 2016) Airfield operator Operates in all areas specified to the airport with the compliance of the federal aviation administration safety regulations. (study.com,2016) Management and control Services provided to keep operations in check and running smooth. General aviation is one the most important sectors in the aviation industry, GA has three types of organization aircraft operator, airfield operator and management and control each organization covers a vast number of operations to help the operation to run smooth for the industry is very demanding. The aircraft operator has to be certified with the aircraft operator certificate (ACO) this is allowed by the national aviation authority (NAA) in order her the person to carry out duties En.wikipedia.org. (2016). Aircraft operator not only just operates the aircraft but is responsible for flight school operations where training is done for all accepts of aviation example pilot training. Also operates recreational operations like parachuting, guild and also executive transport, air taxi and also emergency service like the ambulance and the emergency breathing system set in place for helicopter passengers approved by the UK civil aviation authority (Caa.co.uk, 2016).The airfield operator b asically operates all the airports operation on the airfield with the compliance of the federal aviation administration safety regulations, the airfields operator ensures safety by checking and monitoring the runway condition, weather condition etc (study.com). Then we move on to the management and control operation this provide services like air traffic control which is implemented to prevent collision and to organize air traffic flow (en.wikipedia.org, 2016). Border control works under the border force which are laws enforcement command set in place to secure UK by checking people and goods entering the UK (Gov.uk ,2016). CONCLUSION In conclusion, for the general aviation organization to work fluently other organization have work together to achieve that and we have seen that outlined in the diagram above. we have also seen that the aircraft operator not just only operates the aircraft but deals with most if not all aspect of it, ranging from training to the actual operating the aircraft with different operations. The management and control operation prevents collision of aircraft and organize the flow of traffic and also control people and goods coming in and out of the airport. The last but not lease the airfield operations monitor and ensure safety of the airfield by adhering to the federal aviation administration safety regulations. References Caa.co.uk. (2016). Air Operator Certificates | UK Civil Aviation Authority. [online] Available at: http://www.caa.co.uk/Commercial-industry/Aircraft/Operations/Air-operator-certificates/Air-Operator-Certificates/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. En.wikipedia.org. (2016). General aviation. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_aviation [Accessed 8 Dec.2016] Gov.uk. (2016). Border Force GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/border-force [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Study.com. (2016). Airfield Operations Specialist: Job Description, Duties and Salary. [online] Available at: http://study.com/articles/Airfield_Operations_Specialist_Job_Description_Duties_and_Salary.html [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Unit 1 LO4 aviation term paper Student: Sudane Atkinson Date: December 4, 2016 Lecture: Aneka Hutchinson M3: Analyze the role of three different types of general aviation organizations, highlighting their links with other aviation sectors. This report is for the transport trade journal which I am investigating the role of three different types of general aviation organization then highlight their links with other aviation sectors. The aim of this report is to discover the links the general aviation organization has with other aviation sectors but before I move on general aviation is defined by Merriam-webster.com. 2016 as the operation of civilian aircraft not under the control of a common carrier. Research finding will be made on the role of the three different types of general aviation highlighted the link in other aviation sector, a discussion will be made ten a conclusion will be drawn on how these organizations are linked. Below outlines the research finding on the roles of three different types of general aviation and their links with other sectors. Roles: Aircraft operator Must ensure that compliance for the requirements of the air worthiness directive (AD) is met. Keep emission low Offers pilot training Offers certification through European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Offers recreation operations Offers emergency transportation (caa.co.uk,2016) Airfield operator Ensure airfields are safe Direct emergency response units. Air traffic control and airfield operator Coordinate the activities of the aircraft. (Study.com, 2016) Management and control Control the passage of goods and people traveling to and from the UK. (Gov.uk,2016) Air traffic coordinates air traffic movements Alert response team when there is an emergency Controls all ground traffic (Collegegrad.com ,2016) Links: Commercial airline is linked with the aircraft operator as they can now file occurrence reports more efficiently. (caa.co.uk, 2016) Airlines and aircraft operator are link in the form of negotiation (Faulhaber, J. 2010). The general aviation industry has three organizations these are aircraft operator, airline operator and management and control. All these organization make the aviation industry flows with safety of self and other the number one priority. The roles for each organization is as follows. The management and control basically controls the surrounds of the aviation from ground to sky, controls the passage of goods and people traveling to and from the UK by doing immigration and customs checks to secure the UK border (Gov.uk. 2016). Air traffic control coordinates the traffic movement and avoid the collision of aircraft by guiding pilot in landing and takeoff also alerts airport response team when there is an emergency (Collegegrad.com ,2016). The airfield operator number one responsibility is to ensure that airfield is safe by connecting with the air traffic controls to ensure that all aviation operations are safe (Study.com, 2016). The aircraft operator offers training and works with the EASA in certification also offer recreational operations like, gliding, parachute, aerobatics etc. The aircraft operator also offers emergency transportation like helicopters when a emergency response team is alerted but either the airfield operator or the management and control organization. The aviation industry is a very vast industry with many different sectors and organizations for these organizations to work fluently there must be some links to join them, the Civil Aviation Association came up with a new rule which allow commercial airlines to link with the aircraft operator as they now have an online portal to file their occurrence more effectively (caa.co.uk, 2016). The second link is that airlines and aircraft operator are link in the form of negotiation agreements this help achieve both party aims and objectives by developing a work relationship as business partner (Faulhaber, J. 2010). Conclusion All the organization works together to allow this very diverse very vast industry works seamlessly. From the linking of organization to different sector to help in achieving respective objectives and aim this will also help to minimize the disturbance in airport cash flow by just negotiate agreements (Faulhaber, J. 2010). Another the relationship between the airline and airport operator that they now have a more effective way to communicate any occurrence. what I have also realized is that all the three-general aviation operation have a pointer or two in common with their role these are they call have a linkage in the response to the emergency response and the airfield operator works alongside the management and control to allow save air traffic control. References   Ã‚   Collegegrad.com. (2016). Air Traffic Controllers: Career, Salary and Education Information CollegeGrad.com. [online] Available at: https://collegegrad.com/careers/air-traffic-controllers [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Caa.co.uk. (2016). Air Operator Certificates | UK Civil Aviation Authority. [online] Available at: http://www.caa.co.uk/Commercial-industry/Aircraft/Operations/Air-operator-certificates/Air-Operator-Certificates/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Faulhaber, J. (2010). Airport/airline agreements. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board. Gov.uk. (2016). Border Force GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/border-force [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Merriam-webster.com. (2016). Definition of GENERAL AVIATION. [online] Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/general%20aviation [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Study.com. (2016). Airfield Operations Specialist: Job Description, Duties and Salary. [online] Available at: http://study.com/articles/Airfield_Operations_Specialist_Job_Description_Duties_and_Salary.html [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016].

Making Punishment Fit The Crime

Making Punishment Fit The Crime Crimes such as drug possession, petty theft, and forgery are non-violent, sometimes victimless crimes, yet over half the United States prison population consists of these type of offenders. Most prisons in the United States house more prisoners than they were built to hold. The United States spends more than forty billion dollars each year on incarceration. Prison overcrowding seems to be the reason that many offenders are kept out of prison, sentenced to short prison terms, and released long before their sentence is complete. Child molesters, armed robbers, and rapists are often paroled as a solution to easing prison overcrowding. Meanwhile, some first-time offenders that commit non-violent crimes are not given the opportunity to be paroled and sometimes end up serving more time than offenders that commit violent crimes. Alternative sentencing can serve as a remedy to prison overcrowding and unfair punishment. Alternative sentencing is a program designed to make punishments fit the crime. Rather than sending a non-violent offender to prison, offenders are alternatively sentenced to punishments such as probation, electronic monitoring, community service, and drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Alternative sentencing can help to keep an offender from re- offending, thus decreasing the prison population and spending less taxpayer money on prisons. It can also help inmates who have completed their sentence transition back into society successfully. Some states, like Pennsylvania, are reducing prison sentences and releasing non-violent prisoners in order for them to participate in alternative sentencing programs. However, in order to receive alternative sentencing, offenders must meet certain qualifications such as not having a lengthy criminal record, not having committed a serious felony, and must not pose a risk to themselves or the community. According to Bennet, Brandeis Universitys National Institute for Sentencing Alternatives studied North Carolina prisoners criminal histories and its director, Mike Corrigan, said his staff found that 20 to 30 percent of North Carolina prisoners were likely to be safely punished outside prison (Bennet, par 10). Institutions like Brandeis make recommendations to state legislators for alternative sentencing programs. . Unfortunately, state legislators can pass laws that prevent judges from using alternative sentencing especially during election years. Politicians that run their campaigns on the get tough on crime slogan, make it difficult for alternative programs to stay in existence or new programs to be created. Candidates running for the position of judge do not support these programs and judges that are up for re-election tend not to sentence alternatively during election years. One program, however, that most get tough on crime politicians are in favor of is boot-camp for young mal e offenders. This program was started in Georgia and is now being used by 11 states and is said to be working effectively. Boot camp is a much cheaper alternative to prison. It uses a military type of discipline that trains young men to not want to choose to live a life of crime and are less likely to re-offend when released from the program. Other examples of alternative punishment are community service, which can be very cost effective because it uses offenders to perform public labor. It can save money for counties, cities, and states by using this free labor. A punishment for alcohol related crimes like DUI is having a breathalyzer installed on an offenders vehicle which only allows the engine to start after a person blows into it an has no alcohol on his or her breath. This is paid for by the offender and can be a successful deterrent for the offender to consume alcohol, while keeping drunk drivers off the road. Sentencing a petty thief to work a full time job and use his salary to pay restitution to his victim can be a deterrent for an offender to commit another burglary. A drug possession charge where a person is caught with a small amount of drugs can be punished using a plea deal from the prosecutor to have the person voluntarily enroll in a substance abuse program. People convicted of tax evasion can be sentenc ed to a fine and probation rather than being given a prison sentence. Non-violent offenders have to be willing to commit and must want to be show signs of rehabilitation in order for alternative sentencing programs to be effective. Some programs require an offender to retain employment, submit to random drug screenings, electronic monitoring, and weekly meetings with probation officers. An individuals circumstances and environment can be an influence in committing a crime. Someone born into poverty and living in a drug infested community, is more likely to commit a crime than a person who is brought up in better surroundings. These facts are often taken into consideration when a judge hands down a sentence. Because of this, some people oppose alternative punishment. Living in a community that has a high crime rate often leads an offender to re-offend when he is released. Other circumstances like mental illness can be a reason for an individual to commit a crime. Mental illness is another factor that is taken into consideration when a judge hands down a sentence. California has implemented a law that allows alternative sentencing for some veterans. An example of this is an ex-marine that served in the war in Iraq, suffering from and extreme case of post traumatic stress disorder. He walked into a bank unarmed and used a note demanding money from a bank teller. Accord ing to the law, the judge could have sentenced him to 5 years in prison, but he was instead placed in a treatment facility. In the article Coming Home, Sample states that In addition to combat vets with PTSD, the law applies to those suffering from substance abuse or unspecified psychological ailments (Sample, par 4). Many lawyers actually advertise alternative punishment as a means of obtaining clients. These lawyers make every effort to keep an offender out of prison. Some find this to be a despicable means of advertisement as it lures criminals to certain lawyers in order to avoid a prison sentence. Advertisements of this type are useful for an offender that has no criminal record and is convicted of a misdemeanor. The lawyer can help a client like this to receive punishment such as probation, community service, electronic monitoring, or substance abuse treatment. After completing his or her alternative sentence, this offender will more than likely be rehabilitated and less likely to re-offend. On the other hand, alternative sentencing is not likely if these lawyers defend individuals charged with a felony and have lengthy criminal records. Some states such as California and Michigan, utilize a Jail Overcrowding Task Force. The main purpose for this task force is come up with ways to use prison resources to prevent prison overcrowding and save taxpayer dollars for more useful programs such as health care and education. The down side to this is that some counties utilize early release programs for prisoners with very short sentences and do not require offenders to participate in any type community service or rehabilitation program. On the other hand, there are work furlough programs that include electronic monitoring. This is a more acceptable means of alternative punishment. Inmates with short sentences are allowed to obtain employment while serving their sentence. A portion of the offenders paycheck is garnished and paid to the state as a means of paying for his or her incarceration To further alleviate prison overcrowding, electronic monitoring is sometime allowed for these individuals so they are not utilizing a pris on bed that can be used for a violent criminal. A down side to this is the program was expanded and now allows unemployed individuals to participate in electronic monitoring without paying any money to the state. According to Edge, some judges have returned to the colonial sentence of shaming to punish people convicted of crimes. (83). This type of punishment is called public notice. Public notice is a punishment that publicly shames the criminal in an attempt to change his or her attitude and conduct. An excellent example of this is a judge ordering a man convicted of accidental homicide to parade in front of a bar with a sign that read, I killed two people while driving drunk. This public ridicule often deters a criminal from re-offending. The Victim-Offender Mediation Program (VOMP) is a program that involves the victim of a crime. Offenders have a face-to-face meeting with the victim or victims family members and a trained mediator. The offender is told how his or her crime affected the victim and/or family. This can make the offender feel remorse for his crime and explain why he committed the crime and even apologize for it. This program is often successful with juvenile offenders that commit non-violent crimes. In conclusion, each state has its own rules for the punishment of criminals called sentencing guidelines, which are sentencing policies prosecutors and judges use for people convicted of serious misdemeanors and felonies. The crime and the criminals previous criminal history are considered when a judge hands down a sentence. People that oppose alternative sentencing argue that an individuals circumstances are unique and should be considered during sentencing, otherwise there is a possibility of re-offending. People in favor of alternative sentencing argue that otherwise, judges could sentence offenders to different punishments for the same crime. The end result is that prison overcrowding in the United States will never end unless alternative sentencing programs are utilized for non-violent offenders. Prisoners incarcerated for violent crimes and who have lengthy criminal records should not even be considered for alternative sentences.

What Is Happy Smoke? :: essays research papers

Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the hemp plant. You may hear marijuana called by street names such as pot, herb, weed, grass, boom, Mary Jane, gangster, or chronic. There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana. Sinsemilla (sin-seh-me-yah; it's a Spanish word), hashish ("hash" for short), and hash oil are stronger forms of marijuana. All forms of marijuana are mind-altering. In other words, they change how the brain works. They all contain THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main active chemical in marijuana. They also contain more than 400 other chemicals. Marijuana's effects on the user depend on the strength or potency of the THC it contains. THC potency of marijuana has increased since the 1970s but has been about the same since the mid-1980s. Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (called a joint or a nail) or in a pipe or a bong. Recently, it has appeared in cigars called blunts. THC in m arijuana is strongly absorbed by fatty tissues in various organs. Generally, traces (metabolites) of THC can be detected by standard urine testing methods several days after a smoking session. However, in heavy chronic users, traces can sometimes be detected for weeks after they have stopped using marijuana. There are many reasons why some children and young teens start smoking marijuana. Most young people smoke marijuana because their friends or brothers and sisters use marijuana and pressure them to try it. Some young people use it because they see older people in the family using it. Others may think it's cool to use marijuana because they hear songs about it and see it on TV and in movies. Some teens may feel they need marijuana and other drugs to help them escape from problems at home, at school, or with friends. The effects of the drug on each person depend on the user's experience, as well as: how strong the marijuana is (how much THC it has); what the user expects to happen; where (the place) the drug is used; how it is taken; and whether the user is drinking alcohol or using other drugs. Some people feel nothing at all when they smoke marijuana. Others may feel relaxed or high. Sometimes marijuana makes users feel thirsty and very hungry - an effect called "the munchies." Some users can get bad effects from marijuana. They may suffer sudden feelings of anxiety and have paranoid thoughts.

The Functions of Stereotypes in Propaganda Essay -- Media Stereotypes

The Functions of Stereotypes in Propaganda "A leader with no followers is a guy taking a walk". Good leaders whether it be opinion or political, rarely if ever walk by themselves. The information theydisseminate more often than not leaves them with a hoard of followers that conform to their ideas or cause. The circulated information is known as propaganda. The Webster dictionary defines propaganda as, "ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause". Propaganda has been around for a long time; the earliest use of the word was in connection with religious missionary activity in the 16th century (Hardwood). Contemporary propaganda for the most part is information or disinformation, spread by leaders through their mouth pieces such as spokespeople or public relations firms. Contemporary propaganda is frequently created with stereotypes that can be easily understood, in order to reach the greatest number of people. Stereotypes and propaganda are like peanut butter and jam, wh en put together stereotypes function very well in propaganda. This essay will look at the relationship between stereotypes and propaganda, how stereotypes function in propaganda and how well they function in propaganda tactics. In other words, this essay will look at how stereotypes function in propaganda. History has shown that stereotypes and propaganda have an exceptionally close relationship. Propaganda is most easily understood when kept simple by using stereotypes. A stereotype is a ready made image of a person or relationship that is instantly recognizable. (Roth) When these two mechanisms are paired together it results in a strong message that can be easily understood by the masses. Propagandi... ...ment and industries that wish to broadcast propaganda" (Savich) Works Cited Brandon, Karen. "Protesting war, groups battle stereotypes too." Chicago Tribune 17 Jan. 2003. 17 Mar. 2004 . Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Mens Attitudes . Paris: Press, 1965. 3 -9. Hardwood, Childs L. "Propaganda." Encarta . Redmond: Microsoft, 2003. CD-ROM. Roth, Jen. Beyond Stereotypes . 14 July 2001. 29 Mar. 2004 . Savich, Carl K. War,Journalism and Propaganda . 11 Jan. 2000. 19 Mar. 2004 . Shaw, Anup . Media, Propaganda and September 11 . 26 July 2002. 27 Mar. 2004 .

Life of a Slave in the Caribbean Essay -- Slavery Caribbean History Cu

Life of a Slave in the Caribbean The experience of Caribbean slavery is vital in understanding the contemporary social structure of the region. It was the introduction of an estimated four million Africans to the Caribbean which made these islands melting pots of culture and society. Since Africans had such a tremendous impact on the region, it is important that we recognize the nature of slavery and how it transformed their lives. Although most agree that the institution was dehumanizing, the social relations of slavery help to explain the development of the Caribbean’s identity. In order to understand slavery it is imperative to recognize that it’s introduction to the Caribbean was driven by colonizers need for economic expansion and development. The growth of the sugar industry throughout the region during the seventeenth century was intimately connected with the enslavement of Africans. The slaves were the means for extracting agricultural resources which could then be sold at a profit in Europe. The leaders in colonization during this period were the French, Dutch, English, and Spanish and initially slaves were simply an input for their final product. Thus slaves were not seen as human but part of a larger machine that was being profited by colonizers. As slavery developed an complex social hierarchy emerged on plantations. At the bottom of the social order, but at the backbone of the plantation economy, were the field slaves. The field slaves were divided into "gangs" depending on the strength of their bodies. For example, "the first gang on any estate comprised the most able-bodied males and females, with subsequent gangs organized according to a descending order of physical strength and ability" (Knight 130). The ... ...show their resistance for slavery. Again, when involved in maroon communities they had tactics for defending their runaway slaves. Although this occurred throughout the exploitation colonies the maroon communities were vital for the success of the Haitian revolution. Ultimately there is no single way of defining the slave experience in the Caribbean. It was a complex institution which developed in a variety of ways on the different colonies. It was the diversity in plantation system which can be attributed to the variance in the development of what the racial and cultural mosaic of the Caribbean today. Works Cited Beckles, Dr. Hillary, Verene Shepherd. Caribbean Slave Society and Economy. The New Press, New York. New York, N.Y. 1991. Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean, The Genesis Of a Fragmented Nationalism. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y. 1990.

Why we shouldn’t support Walmart

Main Idea: The super giant retailer WalMart has a negative impact upon many aspects of society, both local and worldwide, and as a result the American people should not support WalMart. Introduction: Class: How many people shop at Walmart? (just want to get an idea) Walmart is extremely popular nowadays. They have a diverse group of customers. the retail giant features 180,000 square foot super centers that sell everything from tires to groceries. You can buy practically anything from walmart. â€Å"Always Low Prices† or â€Å"Save money and live better†, are a few of their advertising slogans. in reality though Walmart's pledge should be â€Å"Always Low Prices, Always Low Wages, Always Low Morals, and Always Low Ethics!†. Walmart is a mammoth corp that hauls off a stunning $220 Billion a year from its customers, resulting in a net profit of over 7 billion dollars a year for the company . The famous blue vests of associates and low prices are not only common symbols in the United States, but also in nine foreign countries around the world. tonight we're going to learn how Walmart forces small businesses out of business, sends jobs overseas to countries like China while abusing human rights, pay its associates poverty level wages and lastly i want to point out why we Americans should not support walmart. So first, let's talk about how walmart forces small businesses out of business. I. Walmart Forces Small Businesses Out Of Business. A. According to the LA Times, Shan Li quoted † When Walmart builds a store in town, it wipes out the economy of the town and forces small businesses out of buisness†. 1.The reason so many small businesses in the towns are negatively affected is that walmart has the freedom that most of these small businesses don't have, the freedom to buy items super cheap. 2. over and over again, when walmarts opens one of its stores in a city or town, within a short amount of time, two years or less, dozens of other businesses close their doors. a. A study conducted by Loyola University Chicago found that when a Walmart opens in a new market, median sales drop 40% at similar high-volume stores, 17% at supermarkets and 6% at drugstores. b. the State of Iowa for example, during a ten year period from 1983 to 1993, which was one of the first states Walmart expanded into during that time frame, they indirectly caused the closing of 555 grocery stores or supermarkets, 290 building supply stores, and roughly 250 clothing stores. c. Just imagine the impact if you multiply these types of number times the 30 some states walmart has now expanded into. now that we have learned how walmart pushes mom and paps shops out lets take a look at how walmart sends jobs, overseas. II. Sends Jobs Overseas A. Not only does walmart import 1.5 billion dollars worth of goods from china every year, but they also put an extreme amount of pressure on their suppliers to lower the cost of their goods, therefore driving those suppliers offshore in their efforts to lower the cost of production. 1. Many of these jobs are sent to China where the workers work for a fraction of what American workers' wages are. 2. Shockingly, according to the ________ it is estimated that, â€Å"Walmart out-sources as much as $4 billion dollars worth of goods a week overseas. B. When jobs are sent to countries like China, Walmart abuses their Human Rights. 1. As if it isn't bad enough that walmart is sending millions of american jobs overseas, but according to Charlie Kern of the National Labor Committee, â€Å"in country after country, factories that produce for walmart are the worst† in terms of human right abuses. He goes on to say that † walmart is acutally lowering the standards in China by slashing wages and imposing long madatory overtime shifts. a. to illustrate this problem according to an article by Jim Hightower calling for the boycott of Walmart, â€Å"although china's minimum wage is 31 cents an hour, the workers who work in factories making things for walmart average just 13 cents an hour, that's more than half the pay cut. b. these workers are literally sickened by their jobs where there is no health and safety enforcement. 1. workers have headaches and nausea from the paint and dust in the air, and the temp tops 100 degrees for workers in the factories during summer. lastly i want to mention how walmart pays its associates poverty level wages. III. Low level wages for employees A. In the US, the average full time walmart associate makes an annual wage of $14,000 which is considered below peverty level. B. At this level of income, most of walmart employees can't even afford to shop at walmart. C. Now that you know why walmart has such a negative impact on our society, i want to tell you what we must do to solve this problem. IV. Americans should not support walmart. A. Concerned Americans, like you and me, should flex our muscles and all together boycott walmart whenever possible. B. we should purchase items we need from other sources. C. If there is another business in town, especially a locally owned business, purchase what you need from that business. D. Lastly, i would like each of you to spread the word about the evil-empire of walmart. 1. Tell your neighbors, friends, and family members about walmart's negative impact on society and ask them to join you not to support walmart. 2. if we all work together, the American people can bring walmart to its knees, just as it has done to thousands of businesses. Conclusion Walmart is a predator of the worst kind, the kind that destroys lives and cities for money. Today i hope each of you now know why walmart is bad for America, and other countries as well, also why you should not support walmart. Next time you need some paper towels or a bag of chips, wont you please go to your neighborhood grocery store or another retailer to purchase those things? you wont miss the extra couple of cents you might save especially when you know the expense those few cents might cost someone else.

The poem ‘After Apple Picking’ by Robert Frost as one the most celebrated and widely read poems of the Romantic Period

The poem ‘After Apple Picking' by Robert Frost is one the most celebrated and widely read poems of the Romantic Period. The poem was drawn from Frosts' own life, his recurrent losses, everyday tasks, and his loneliness. After Apple Picking is the poem that links Frost heavily to the Romantic Tradition as he follows the traditional Romantic model, in which he displays a number of Romantic qualities, mainly a connection with the transcendent and spiritual, Individualism, Primitivism and Nature as a source of reflection and guidance. A characteristic of Romanticism was the belief that emotions and relationships were not just important, but were the very currency of life (Individualism). After Apple Picking focused on ones deep feelings of suffering but also a sense of hope and transcendence. This is conveyed in the quote â€Å"Of Apple picking: I am overtired Of the great harvest I myself desired†. The dramatic monologue, diction and modality shows the struggles of the man. The persona has too many goals and is regretting his choices in life, showing feelings of regret and exhaustion. Individualism is a major aspect to Romantic poetry and is expressed through the example as it shows a single person and his expression of individual feelings. Romantic literature tends to have a theme of favouring the pastoral over the urban way of living. After Apple Picking is set in a rural background of a farm which is a critical aspect in determining that Frost is a poet of the Romantic Tradition. The symbolism of the ‘great harvest' as the goals and dreams of the man links it back to the Primitivism and the experiences of the common man. The other example of â€Å"Empty Barrels† symbolise Frosts regrets at having not fulfilled all of his lives dreams and ambitions. This primitive state is a common occurrence in many Romantic period poems and the emphasis on rural life adds to the proof that After Apple Picking and Frost are part of the Romantic Tradition. In After Apple Picking nature is used greatly to create a deeper value and more meaningful answers to life. This is nature acting as source of reflection and guidance. His emphasis on emotion rather than logic clarifies that the poem is indeed Romantic. The fist person narrative and reference to nature; â€Å"woodchucks†, â€Å"apples†, â€Å"boughs† help create a reflective tone in the poem. Frost capitalises on the reflective tone and attempts to use nature as a source of value and meaning within his life. Romantic poems also had a connection with the transcendent and links to the spiritual. Frost makes certain biblical allusions to Jacob's ladder and heaven shown in the quote â€Å"My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree Toward heaven still†. This is used to emphasise the need to connect with the transcendent and the divine. Frost connects with the divine while creating a positive connotation to nature through the apples, which are a gift from God. Their has been a constant battle as to whether Robert Frost is indeed a Romantic poet. This poem conforms that Robert Frost is a Romantic poet as the many characteristics of the Romantic Tradition have greatly been expressed in his work and especially in After Apple Picking as shown in the many examples. The poem includes many of these characteristics and ultimately â€Å"it depicted emotional matter, in an imaginative form†.

Major Problem of teenagers today Essay

Evangeline Pilar Beed II-B Informative Speech Plan Title: Major Problem of teenagers today. Specific Speech Purpose: To inform my engl.III audience what are the major problems of teenagers today. Statement: There are 5 major problems of teenagers today. Introduction I. .Attention Step: are you one of the teenagers who have a problem? You may program for it! In connection with this, I would like to take this opportunity to tell you about the recent finding on the major problem of the teenagers today. Read more: Speech about youth generation essay II. Clarification Step: Body I. Internet and Gaming Addiction a. Younger generations, unlike their parents’ generations, often socialize, hang out, and communicate online, rather than in person. They prefer to text rather than talk on the phone, and often prefer to socialize on Twitter or Facebook rather than in the local bar, on the street or at the town square. b. The digital divide: The younger generation has been referred to as being one of â€Å"Digital Natives† while the older generation has been referred to as one of â€Å"Digital Immigrants.† c. Unlike the older generation, young people are highly capable of effective multitasking, which is sometimes seen by the older generation as a lack of attention and focus. d. Some young people spend much too much time in front of a computer screen, spending up to 20 hours a day, seven days a week. e. Spending countless hours a day, every day, on gaming or perusing the Internet can interfere with young people’s emotional, physical, intellectual and spiritual development. II. Violence In Media a. T.V. influences behavior. If it didn’t, Nike, Budweiser, Pepsi, etc. would not invest billions of dollars in advertisements. b. Violence on T.V. occurs in most programs and even more so, in cartoons. III. Bullying Online and At School a. Bullying is an ongoing pattern of harassment and abuse. It can be done directly by physical or verbal attacks or indirectly by exclusion, spreading rumors, etc. b. Cyberbullying is a growing problem among Middle and High School aged students. While it also occurs among College-aged students, for the most part young people have matured past cyberbullying at that point c. Bullies seek power through aggression and direct their attacks at vulnerable victims. In-person bullies often lose their popularity in high school and have a high likelihood of having a criminal record as adults. IV. Violent Culture a. There is a direct link between the way in which we use power with our children, our significant others, our neighbors and our environment and what we teach our children about violence. b. Cultures in which young children regularly receive loving touch have lower incidents of violent crimes. V. Violence At Home a. One of the main reasons that children become violent is because they are exposed to violence in their own homes, whether it is directed towards them or towards others. b. Violence at home can be of a physical nature, or it can be expressed verbally or through neglect and abandonment. Abusive homes and violent neighborhoods are stronger predictors of adult violent behavior than violence in the media. Most abusive parents were physically or sexually abused as children.

The Red Cross

Kevin Smith The Red Cross is an International organization that thrives on donations and the kindness of others to succeed. This Red Cross supports military families, disaster relief, health and safety training along with education, and blood drives that save thousands of lives yearly. The Red Cross started In the year 1881 and was mainly used to help wounded soldiers from the battlefield. â€Å"The global Red Cross has evolved into the world's largest humanitarian network- the only non-governmental organization with specific irresponsibleness outlined In the Geneva conventions†(RedCross, 2013). The Red Cross has established itself in the cyber community to succeed. With online donations exceeding 36 million dollars the Red Cross has been able to far exceed anything It did In the years prior to the Internet. The Red cross relies on its volunteers as its strength to work donation sites for all actions the organization participates in. The challenges the Red Cross faces today is the ability to keep enough volunteers on hand to run the organization. While the Red cross has full time members like any business this organizations success comes from those willing to help. The challenges the Red Cross faces In the media environment include many things. System hacking can be seen as hackers will set up take websites that look like the Red Cross web page. This in turn turns out to be a scam and people will give donations to a hacker Instead of the Red Cross. There can be other challenges out there for this organization that would include government policy. Foreign policy. ND legislative issues that can be strain the mission of the Red Cross. The Instant access the Red Cross has to the world has helped this organization in ways that are unimaginable. The Instant media environment has created an unlimited amount of people it can reach throughout the world. The money raised on dally donations Is lox the amount today ads It was In the uses. This is due to the instant access the world has to the Red Cross. The Red Cross uses the social media during disasters because this is the fastest and most effective way to reach a large number of Individuals.The Instant media environment has done nothing but help the Red Cross succeed. I mentioned earlier that volunteer are a challenge for the Red Cross, but with social media and instant media the Red Cross as been able alleviate some of the stress as they can collect for volunteers over the internet The Red Cross will use multiple tactics to get its message out to the community. The Red Cross will gain its target audience by associating someone within the organization to speak or Interact with the community that Is In question.This tactic is used by military recruiters and it tends to work well with inner city communities as well as communities with language barriers. The Red Cross has volunteers trot all walks tot elite so it would only be natural to use those people trot that community to spread the Red C ross message too particular group of immunity. The internal messaging of the employees Is that of care for the community and to give security to those in need The mission stays the same in the Red Cross and that is to provide care to all walks of life that may need it.The message stays the same internally throughout the world for the Red Cross as well. The Red Cross is not the largest humanitarian organization by doing things the wrong way. The internal structure is sound and solid and provides excellent support to all communities throughout the world. This is done with compassion, time, and hard work on behalf of the employees and the thousands of volunteers within the organization. I researched the Red Cross for numerous hours and found that it takes compassion and dedication too cause to make this organization successful.The Red Cross can be unified with many different events and by anybody willing to put in the time and energy to do so. I recently was a part of the Golf for Life rally which was to raise money and blood donations for the Red Cross. There are other events that happen all over the United States on a daily basis in which blood and money is raised for this organization. This is not only going on in the United States, but all over the world. If a person was to look up how to do an event on the Red Cross website it would show them exactly not only to go about doing it, but also show them ways it can be successful.

Analysis of a publicly-traded company Research Paper

Analysis of a publicly-traded company - Research Paper Example The company is a publicly traded company trading in the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SBUX. The common stocks of Starbucks Cafe were trading at a price of $52.96 as of December 10, 2012 (Yahoo, 2012). The market capitalization of Starbucks Cafe is $39.38 billion. The firm uses a holistic approach towards the sourcing of its coffee. Starbucks Cafe sources its coffee through fair trade coffee. Fair trade coffee guarantees the farmers a price of at least $1.26 per pound. Other benefits that farmers receive in a fair trade coffee arrangement are technology transfer and financing of crops. Customers are more likely to support companies that source coffee using fair trade coffee practices due to the green movement and the tendency of customers of buying from companies that act in a socially responsible manner. The market share of Starbucks in the U.S is 33% of the coffee market (O’Farrell, 2012). During the recession the business of Starbucks declined because the demand f or gourmet coffee is price sensitive. Buying coffee from Starbucks Cafe is considered a luxury by a lot of American buyers. During harsh economic times people tend to be more price conscious. The store has 192,866 employees and 39.66% of its workforce works outside the United States (Cnn, 2012). The employees of the firm are referred too as baristas. The firm believes in the value of diversity in the workplace. Diversity is valued by the managerial staff of the company. The equation that defines diversity at Starbucks Cafe is: Diversity = Inclusion + Equity + Accessibility (Starbucks, 2012). The use of diversity can enhance the creativity of the employees and foster an environment in which innovation is a critical component of the success of the enterprise. The customer service of the company has helped the firm differentiate itself from the competition. Starbucks Cafe offers free services to its customers including Wi-Fi internet accessibility. The firm generates an alternate reven ue stream through the sale of iTunes. The firm believes a lot in the value of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The CRS program of the firm is comprehensive due to the genuine effort the firm places in helping the community and other stakeholder groups. Starbucks Cafe was named one of the world’s most ethical companies in 2012 for the six year in a row. The firm certifies 75% of all new stores under the LEEDÂ ® green building standard. The firm minimizes the use of water and energy at its stores to save resources and protect the environment. About half of the firm’s company owned store are powered by renewable energy. The communities in which Starbucks operates are an important stakeholder group for the organization. The firm donated 441,000 community service hours during 2011 (Starbucks, 2012). During fiscal year 2011 Starbucks Cafe generated sales of $11,700 million. The sales of the company increase by 9.27%. The net income of the firm in 2011 was $1,246 milli on. In the last two years the company’s net income increased by 219%. A firm’s net margin measures the absolute profitability of the company. The desirable outcome is to have a high net margin. During 2011 the net margin of Starbucks Cafe was 10.65%. The net margin of the company is much higher than the industry average of 3.8% (Dnb, 2012). The earnings per share and cash dividend per share of the company were $1.66 and $0.56 respectively. The liquidity of the firm is an important aspect of the business that managers must consider. A

Everyday Use (style of dee) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Everyday Use (style of dee) - Essay Example This is the reason why she does not want her friends to come to her home. Dee is hard to satisfy because of her very high standards, so not many people can get along with her comfortably. People tend to be irritated from her attitude. Even her first boyfriend is driven away from Dee because of her hard-to-satisfy nature. Dee always picks out faults in him, so he breaks his relationship with Dee and instead, marries a cheap city girl. Although Dee is hurt by the distortion of her relationship with her first boyfriend, yet she maintains the image of a powerful girl and does not share her emotions with anyone. This essentially speaks of the fact that she is a very strong person who can fight with things single-handedly. Dee is the kind of person who would stand for women’s empowerment in the society. Her arrogance irritates her family, but the fact is that her arrogance is driven by her love and possessiveness for her family. All her efforts are directed at transforming her typical and traditional family into a more modern and enlightened family. Dee is confident that it is right to progress. Being ahead of her time, she makes every possible effort to make her family move along with her. However, her family’s lack of realization makes her an outcast in her own family. College means something very special to Dee. It provides her with a way out of the regular old-fashioned lifestyle and integrate into a totally different world. She realizes that the world is advancing really fast, and to keep pace with it, she has to endorse the new culture and the values associated with it. Dee says to Maggie, â€Å"its really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live youd never know it† (Walker 130). However, there were some objectionable aspects of Dee’s personality. For example, rather than understanding her family values and history, Dee believes whatever people tell her. Instead of searching for the truth, she is keen to

Community and its nature Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Community and its nature - Assignment Example Community and its nature There are numerous forms of communities on the planet and each of them nurture their own beliefs and concepts and identify their uniqueness against other .But a community is a not that appears on surface and has a darker side to it many overlook often times.The cultural differences and hostilities towards other culture is a common practice in many countries and less has been done to abolish this social evil. There is a considerable amount of conflicts in and between the communities which only has lead to fragmentation that unity among people. The real purpose of community and social grouping is to ensure peace rather than rubbing against to spark violence and clashes. Social exclusion and oppression in community Social exclusion is a concept which relates to a disadvantage of a society where in communities or social groups are alienated or isolated. Social exclusion and oppression can arise due to income inequality, occupation and difference in racial background. The social exclusion is a concept visibly connected widely with various kinds of social and economical problems. According to this concept certain groups or communities are considered inferior or underprivileged due to their social circumstance and racial background or poverty. As per the reading, community is the breeding ground for discrimination, social inequalities and social taboos. The very core nature of community is to create borders, limitation and restriction among people to breed animosity, condemn and conspiracy. According to reading, the communities are always afraid of its security and regard other communities as alien beings. In this attempt to secure themselves and their social belongings they consider other people around them as aliens, intruders or strangers. The author contemplates that violence is not originated without any valid reason but is the residue of the alienated attitude nurtured by the rich and wealth class of the society. The minority of people who are poor class are lea st powerful in the society are symbolized as violent groups. This lack of power and wealth in many sectors of society give way to the up rise of social inequality oppression and segmentation among people. The author points out that if a society is scrutinized thoroughly one can find a presence of division and conflict within and outside of it. However, the society projects a warm outlook which displays nothing but peace, love and harmony. Here the author enquires about the social interaction between the men and women and that attachment arises out it which gives a qualitative shape to the social scenario. It is also been mentioned that historical circumstances play a significant role in formulating social consequences which other wise intended. The Historical circumstances here can be referred to the history of certain country or geographical boundary which gives a certain identity or cultural foundation to people. This cultural identity or foundation can persuade group of people to differentiate themselves from the people of other geographical areas by forming practice and cultural beliefs. Social formation got initiated with the consistent practices of certain culture and historical practices. Social formation is a complex phenomenon and history and cultural beli